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  3. No two economic crises are identical. But the same questions recur. How did we get into this mess? How can we get out of it? How

No two economic crises are identical. But the same questions recur. How did we get into this mess? How can we get out of it? How

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问题     No two economic crises are identical. But the same questions recur. How did we get into this mess? How can we get out of it? How do we avoid another? Some answers repeat themselves too. You can be pretty sure that sooner or later someone, quite possibly an anguished economist, will declare that economics itself has gone astray. The wisdom of some past master, whether celebrated or neglected, has been forgotten, and the economy is paying the price.
    A new book, "Animal Spirits" follows this rule to the letter. The authors seek to answer the first of those three old questions and thus to provide some pointers about the other two. They do indeed believe that economics has lost its way. And their chosen economist is Keynes.
    So far, so familiar. But this book is rather more than the usual lament about the failings of economics. Its authors are two of the discipline’s leading lights. Mr. Akerlof won a Nobel prize in 2001, in part for a classic paper explaining how markets may fail. Mr. Shiller sounded a warning about the "Irrational Exuberance" of the tech-boom stockmarket in a book of that name—and did the same for the housing market in a second edition.
    The lesson that Messrs Akerlof and Shiller draw from Keynes is not just the standard one, of the usefulness of deficit finance in recessions. They borrow their title from "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money".
    Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as a result of animal spirits—of a spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of the weighted average of quantitative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilities.
    Too much economics, say Mr. Akerlof and Mr. Shiller, has been built on the premise that humans are rational calculators. That is not a new criticism, even from economists. Over the past couple of decades Homo economicus has evolved into a being more like H. sapiens, as economics has drawn on psychology, biology and even neuroscience. "Behavioural" economics has shaped public policy—for instance, in encouraging people to save or in shaping the choice of investments in their pension pots. Behavioural economists have earned Nobel prizes. Mr. Akerlof and Mr. Shiller, however, complain that this evolution has been confined mainly to microeconomics. It is time for macroeconomics to catch up.
By mentioning the encouragement of people’s saving, the author intends to______.
选项 A、emphasize the importance for people to be farsighted
B、demonstrate the behavioral economics’ influence on policy making
C、explain how behavioral economists earned the Nobel Prize
D、manifest that evolution has taking place in microeconomics
答案B
解析 属逻辑关系题。通过题目可定位至文章末段第四句破折号后，前面的一个forinstance就可看出所要说明的事情在破折号前，即行为经济学对公共政策的形成起到一定作用，故选项B符合题意。选项A属于无中生有；选项C属于强加关联；选项D属于答非所问，虽然确实是文章内容，但非本题考查内容，故均错误。
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