首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that s
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that s
admin
2019-06-23
34
问题
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavors. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for half a century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of daily life, from the home and classroom to the workplace. Don’t want to take the trash out? Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interested in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you’ll make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity, rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance. "Our society is caught in a whopping paradox," asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book Punished by Rewards(Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems—dangling rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people—is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns.
Behaviorism basically believes in _____.
选项
A、motivation
B、performance
C、rewards
D、human factors
答案
C
解析
第2段大致对行为主义进行相关的描述,最后一句说也许这一理论已失去影响力,但是奖励在美国文化中依然占有重要地位,据此可以推断行为主义相信奖励(rewards),故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/L5X7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、TheroleofimmigrantsintheconstructionofAmericansociety.B、TheimportanceofofferingdiversecoursesinEuropeanhisto
A、Peoplearenotfullypreparedforpotentialrisks.B、Peoplearenothealthyenoughforoutdooractivities.C、Peoplearetooea
A、Tostabilizeworldtemperature.B、Tosecurethehealthoflifesystem.C、Tostopthemarinecreaturesfromdying.D、Torestore
A、Totakepublictransportation.B、Toincreasetheuseofcoalenergy.C、Toreducehealthcarecosts.D、Toseekglobalcooperati
BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsonthe
A、Addingsomesciencecourses.B、Recruitingmoregoodteachers.C、Buildmorelabs.D、Buyingmoreteachingequipments.B推断题。根据文中提
A、Enjoysomesnacks.B、Playbasketballwithfriendsfromwork.C、Trytogetinthecompanybaseballteam.D、Competeinacycling
UsingFacebookmakespeoplesadder,atleastaccordingtosomeresearch.Butjustwhatisitaboutthesocialnetworkthattakes
Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture,itsdevelopmentintoa【C1】______fieldisreallyquite
Theinternetmirrorssociety,reflectingourstrengthsandweaknesses.Ahealthysocietyandahealthyinternetsharethesamev
随机试题
Ithinkyoucantakea(n)________languagecoursetoimproveyourEnglish.
维生素A严重缺乏,可影响人()。
如全陪带领旅游团赴西北线旅游,应事先准备的专业知识有()。
中国自古以来的“滋补养生膳”,就是根据人体健康状况,用包括蔬菜、谷物、肉类在内的各种食物补充和调节人体营养的_______。
骨科常用的成人跟骨牵引重量为
男性,42岁,B超发现左肾结石1cm大小,平时无明显症状,偶有腰部酸胀不适感,既往体健,无排石史。为明确诊断还应做
津液输布的主要通道为
背景资料:某高速公路F合同段湟水河大桥,上部构造为1×30m简支T梁,在两桥台处设置FD80型伸缩缝,设计伸缩缝宽度为4cm。桥面铺装采用10cm钢筋混凝土和6cm沥青混凝土。7月份完成梁体安装(本地气温情况是7、8、9月平均气温25~30℃,年
农用土地征用费由土地补偿费、安置补助费、()等组成,并按被征用土地的原用途给予补偿。
Whattimedoestheman’splaneleave?
最新回复
(
0
)