首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After y
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After y
admin
2017-01-17
62
问题
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way that everyone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the "Clever Hans" effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searches for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.
Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search areas might contain up to three target scents, and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any "detections" made by the teams thus had to be false.
The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr. Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.
When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signalled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals—who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying "wolf at the unconscious signal of their handlers.
How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously "profiled" people being sniffed by a drug—or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positives could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travellers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.
The author thinks that Dr. Lit’s findings
选项
A、should raise our concern in real life.
B、may not be useful in real situations.
C、should be backed up by further evidence.
D、will be widely applied in the near future.
答案
A
解析
推断题。文章最后一段指出,实验结果在现实生活中有多重要,我们不得而知。但它可能会很重要。如果训犬师无意中评论在机场中被缉毒狗闻过的旅客,错误率就会很高。这不仅会不利于无辜的旅客,而且有可能导致抓罪犯的行动小组分心。据此推断,答案是A项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/L9EZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Itiscommonknowledgethathealthyfoodssuchasfruitsandvegetablescontaincertainnutrientsthatpromotegoodhealth—namel
Itiscommonknowledgethathealthyfoodssuchasfruitsandvegetablescontaincertainnutrientsthatpromotegoodhealth—namel
Ifyouhavehighbloodpressure,you’reingood【C1】______.Hypertensionaffects67millionAmericans,includingnearlytwo-third
Asimpleideasupportsscience:"trust,butverify".Resultsshouldalwaysbe【C1】______tochallengefromexperiment.Thatsimple
ScientistshavediscoveredapowerfulantibioticinthebloodstreamofgiantpandasthatcandestroybacteriaTheChineseresea
ScientistshavediscoveredapowerfulantibioticinthebloodstreamofgiantpandasthatcandestroybacteriaTheChineseresea
Thehighestanxietymomentintheholidayseasonmustbethemomentjustbeforeyourlovedonesunwraptheirgifts.Theribbonc
Thehighestanxietymomentintheholidayseasonmustbethemomentjustbeforeyourlovedonesunwraptheirgifts.Theribbonc
Airpollutionkilledaboutsevenmillionpeoplelastyear,makingittheworld’ssinglebiggestenvironmentalhealthrisk,theW
Airpollutionkilledaboutsevenmillionpeoplelastyear,makingittheworld’ssinglebiggestenvironmentalhealthrisk,theW
随机试题
C3多于病后卫周前恢复见于选择性蛋白尿多见于
A市的甲工厂与B市的乙工厂签订一份买卖合同,约定由甲工厂供应乙工厂钢材10t,乙厂交付贷款3万元。但合同对付款地点和交货地点未约定,双方为此发生纠纷。付款地点和交货地点应为()。①付款地点为A市;②交货地点为A市;③付款地点为B市;④交货
一个同轴电缆长l=2m,其芯线导体半径r1=1cm,铅皮外壳内半径r2=6cm,导体间绝缘材料的电阻率p=1×109Ω.m,当内导体与外壳间电压U0为500V时,绝缘层中漏电流为()。
根据《煤矿安全监察条例》,地区煤矿安全监察机构、煤矿安全监察办事处应当对煤矿实施()安全检查。
根据国务院发布的《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》,突发公共事件按照其性质、严重程度、可控性和影响范围等因素,一般分为()。
(1)获得支持(2)钢琴世家(3)热爱绘画(4)对家人不理解(5)与父母沟通
有50名学生选班长,得票最多的人当选。中途计票时发现刘燕已得18票,张军已得16票,李明已得9票。刘燕至少再得多少张票就一定能成为班长?()
典籍英译
有以下程序main(){intij;for(i=1;i
A、TheirBBSwasnotasgoodaswhattheyhadthoughtbefore.B、Theirprogressinthewebsite-designwashinderedforlackoffun
最新回复
(
0
)