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  3. Introduction to Education in England Education is important in England. English children are required by law to have an educ

Introduction to Education in England Education is important in England. English children are required by law to have an educ

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问题                      Introduction to Education in England
    Education is important in England. English children are required by law to have an education until they are 16 years old. Education is compulsory, but school is not, children are not required to attend school. They could be educated at home. Education is free for all children from 5 to 18. About 94 per cent of pupils in the UK receive free education from public funds, while 6 per cent attend independent fee paying schools. All government-run schools, state schools, follow the same National Curriculum.
Education stages
    Children’s education in England is normally divided into two separate stages. They begin with primary education at the age of five and this usually lasts until they are eleven. Then they move to secondary school, there they stay until they reach sixteen, seventeen or eighteen years of age. English children are required to attend school until they are 16 years old.
    At the age of 16, students write an examination called the GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary    Education). All students are tested in mathematics, English literature, English composition, chemistry, biology, physics, history or the Classics, one modem language, and one other subject, such as art or computer studies.
    After completing the GCSE, some students leave school, others go onto technical college, whilst others continue at high school for two more years and take a further set of standardized exams, known as A levels, in three or four subjects. These exams determine whether a student is eligible for university.
School Curriculum
    National Curriculum is balanced and broad-based, comprising of the four core subjects, Mathematics,    English, Science and Information Communication Technology, together with the foundation subjects of Information Technology, Design Technology, Geography,. History, Art, Music and Physical
Education.
    Religious education is also provided for all children to develop an understanding of the nature of religious beliefs and practices and to acknowledge the importance and influence of these in the lives of believers. Health, Social and Citizenship Education (P. H. S. C. E. ) forms part of our curriculum throughout the school and includes a developing awareness of the potential dangers of alcohol, tobacco and drags, encouraging children to be confident in saying "No! ". P.S.H.E. also includes Sex Education.    Teachers deal with children’ s questions about the physical differences between the sexes and about human reproduction factually and honestly as they arise. Sex Education is introduced in Year 3 though films made by the BBD Films are also used in Year 5 to further develop the children’ s knowledge.    A copy of our school’ s Sex Education policy is available from the school.
    Moreover, we have individual policies for every curriculum area. These are reviewed and updated regularly by members of staff who have a particular skill or interest.
School Tests
    We need to know children’ s individual ability, potential and achievement. We therefore continuously assess their performance and progress. Much of this assessment is based on the teachers’ professional knowledge and expertise. We also carry out more structured tests at various times.
    Generally the compulsory testing takes place at the ages of seven, eleven and fourteen in England and Scotland (but not Wales where more informal methods of assessment are favoreD) .
    Most young people take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations at sixteen,    and many take vocational qualifications, A/S and A levels (Advanced levels), at seventeen and eighteen when they apply for entrance of universities.
Categories of School
     • local authority maintained schools (State Schools)
            Free to all children between the ages of 5-16
     • independent schools (Private/Public Schools)
            Parents pay for their children’s education.
State Schools
    In the UK 93% of the children in England and Wales go to "state schools". State schools are non fee-paying, funded from taxes and most are organized by local Authorities (LA) .
    Parents are expected to make sure that their child has a pen, pencil, ruler etc. But the cost of other more specialized equipment, books, examination fees are covered by the school.
    Parents are, however, expected to pay for their child’ s school uniform and items of sports wear. Charges may also be made for music lessons and for board and lodgings on residential trips. Schools may ask for voluntary contributions for school time activities--but no pupil may be left out of an activity    if their parents or guardian cannot or do not contribute.
Primary schools (5-11 year olds)
    In the UK, the first level of education is known as primary education. These are almost always mixed sex, and usually located close to the child’ s home. Children tend to be with the same group throughout the day, and one teacher has responsibility for most of the work they do. Parents are strongly encouraged to help their children, particularly with reading and writing, and small mounts of homework are set to all children, even during the early years at school.
Secondary Schools (11-16 year olds)
    Most children transfer at the age of 11 usually to their nearest secondary school, though the law allows parents in England and Wales to express preferences for other schools too. A place has to be offered at the parents’ preferred school unless the school has more applicants than places; in that case it will admit the children who have the highest priority under its published admission arrangements which can vary a little in different places.
    Most secondary schools cater for both sexes. They tend to be much larger than primary schools. Grammar Schools are selective, they offer academically oriented general education. Entrance is based on a test of ability, usually at 11. Grammar schools are single sexed schools, i.e. children either go to a Boys Grammar School or a Girls Grammar School.
Comprehensive Schools
    They are non-selective, they do not select pupils on grounds of ability. Comprehensive schools are mixed sexed schools.
High Schools
    They are also non-selective. Children of all abilities attend these schools. High Schools are single sexed schools.
Fee Paying Schools/Independent Schools
    7 % of the children in England go to independent schools. Independent schools are private schools and public schools. Parents pay for their children to attend these schools.
    Nursery/Kindergarten 2 to 4 years
    Pre-preparatory 3 or 4 to 7 years
    Preparatory 7 to 11 or 13 years
    Public 11 or 13 to 18 years
Prep(预备) schools
    A preparatory school is a school to prepare pupils to go to a public school.
Public Schools
    A public school is an independent secondary school. Public schools in England are not nm by the government. The entrance exams used by most public schools are known as Common Entrance exams and are taken at the age of 11 (girls) or 13 (boys) .The most famous public schools are Eton, Harrow and Winchester.
Higher Education
    Around 30% of the 18 to 19 year olds enter full-time higher education. The formal entry requirements to most degree courses are two A-levels at grade E or above. In practice, most offers of places require qualifications in excess of this.
Public schools are independent secondary school nm privately. The applicants must take______at the age of 11 for gifts and 13 for boys.
选项
答案Common Enrtance exams
解析 “public schools”是私人经营的独立中学。申请者必须参加普通入学考试，女孩11岁时参加，男孩13岁时参加。
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