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  3. Language is something more than a system of communications; it is also a social convention, which one must observe. Improper use

Language is something more than a system of communications; it is also a social convention, which one must observe. Improper use

admin2011-03-01  31
问题    Language is something more than a system of communications; it is also a social convention, which one must observe. Improper use of language can easily interfere with your success and advancement.
   Conversely, the proper use of the proper language can lead to success in both business and social relations. For this, there is a well-grounded psychological reason.
   Language is a set of roles agreed to and accepted by common agreement of all the speakers. There is no connection between the object "hat" and the word "hat" except that the word has been set apart by the English-speaking community to serve as the symbol of the object. A French- speaking community will use not "hat" but chapeau to represent the object we call a hat. It is unstable in the same way that a dollar bill, or a pound note is unstable of purchasing power.
   If you find yourself alone in a desert you will quickly realize that the value such dollar bills shrinks to nothing, and that a canteen of water is infinitely more valuable than a handful of hundred-dollar notes. You will also find that your language is of no particular value, since there is no one to use it on.
   But human beings normally do not live alone in deserts. They live in communities of their fellowman, and in such communities symbol values come into play. The dollar bill has no value in itself; it is only a piece of paper. But it is everywhere accepted as a symbol of purchasing (购买) power. In the same way, language becomes of value because it is accepted as the symbol of thought.
   Why is a forged (伪造的) dollar bill not accepted, while one produced by the government presses is? This is because we know that government has the silver with which to redeem the paper note.
   In language, the community has decided that certain words and forms are valid as symbol of thought and shall be accepted by all members of the community, while others, for one reason or another, are not valid.
What’s the difference between the word "hat" and word "chapeau"?
选项 A、The objects they refer to are slightly different in shape.
B、They refer to the same object with different language symbols.
C、They express different meanings to different people.
D、They show people’s different tastes in their choice of language.
答案B
解析 本题考查细节。第三段的段首句Language is a set of rules agreed to and accepted by common agreement of all the speakers．的论点：语言是约定成俗的一套规则。之后用举例的方式论证，关于“帽子”一词在英国用hat，在法国却用chapeau，这只是个象征，怎么命名都由人来定。所以选项A所指的物体不同是错误的；选项C表达着不同的意思也是错误的；选项D表明人们选择语言的不同品位也是错误的。只有选项B不同的语言表达相同的物体是正确答
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