首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How do we measure the economic return to higher education? Typically it is calculated as the difference between average wages of
How do we measure the economic return to higher education? Typically it is calculated as the difference between average wages of
admin
2009-06-24
20
问题
How do we measure the economic return to higher education? Typically it is calculated as the difference between average wages of college graduates and those who have not graduated from college. In 1997, for example, college graduates earned an average of $40,508 versus just $23,970 for non-college graduates. Based on these income levels, the economic return to a college education is approximately 69 percent, the difference between the two income levels. But this simple calculation ignores the fact that college graduates tend to come from higher socioeconomic levels, are more highly motivated, and probably have higher IQs than non graduations. Although these factors influence incomes, they are not the result of college attendance. Therefore the result of the study is an overstatement of the returns to higher education.
More sophisticated analyses adjust for these extraneous influences. For instance economists Orley Ashenfelter and Alan Krueger, estimate that each year of post-high school education results in a wage premium of between 15 and 16 percent. Their study is particularly relevant because they examined the earnings differences for identical twins with different education levels, allowing them to control for genetic and socioeconomic factors. Other research puts the wage premium for college graduates at nearly 50 percent.
Unfortunately, you can’t spend a college wage premium. Income levels for the average college graduate have stagnated. After adjusting for inflation, the average income of college graduates holding full-time jobs rose by only 4.4 percent between 1979 and 1997, or at a minuscule annual rate of 0.2 percent. At the same time, workers with only high-school degrees saw their real income plummet by 15 percent. Bottom line: the much-ballyhooed college wage "premium" is due primarily to the fall in inflation-adjusted salaries of workers who haven’t been to college.
In fact, if you don’t go on to graduate school or are not among the top graduates at one of the nation’s elite colleges, chances are your sky-high tuition is buying you no economic advantage whatsoever. In recent decades the flood of graduates has been so great that an increasing proportion have found themselves, within a few years, working as sales clerks, cab drivers, and in other jobs that do not, require a college degree.
In 1995, approximately 40 percent of people with some college education—and 10 percent of those with a college degree—worked at jobs requiring only high-school skills. That’s up from 30 percent and 6 percent, respectively, in 1971.
选项
A、it doesn’t take into account the changing economic situations
B、it involves small samples
C、it failed to incorporate some aspects which themselves might have added to the earnings of college graduates
D、it does not specify whether non-college graduates have high-school degrees
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/LSTd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
WhatMakesaSoccerPlayerGreat?Soccerisplayedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld,buttherehaveonlybeenfewpl
SuccessfulLanguageLearners1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabulary,mast
CoveringtheCostAllbyHimselfUniversitylifeisinnowaycheapinCanada.ItcostsPeterKemp,acomputersciencemajor
Thetiesymbolizesallofthefollowingexcept______.WhobroughttheFrenchmen’sneckweartoBritain?
WhatisSunsetSongmainlyabout?WhichstatementisNOTtrueofChris?
StandardEnglishisthevarietyofEnglishwhichisusuallyusedinprintandwhichisnormallytaughtinschoolsandtonon-nat
What,accordingtothispassage,istheprimemotivatingfactorforonlineshoppers?Whatdoes"logon"(Para.11,Line2)mean
WhydoesKaterefusetoleavethehousethen?
Nearlythreeyearsago,ItestedpositiveforHIV.SincethenIhavediscoveredasupportsystemthatsteadfastlyrefusestoenc
随机试题
A.硫酸镁静脉滴注B.哌替啶肌内注射C.肼苯哒嗪静脉滴注D.甘露醇快速静脉滴注E.阿托品肌内注射不协调性子宫收缩乏力首选药物是
以下哪种性心理障碍中最少见异性恋
下列有关病毒体的概念,错误的是
A.处方药B.甲类非处方药C.新药D.国家基本药物E.药品只准在专业性医药报刊上进行广告宣传的是()
对真正的企业家而言,金银的价值也比不上一个投资赢利的机会。因此,在经济发达的时代,信息是最有价值的商品。以上结论基于下列哪种假没?()
2002年我国应届大学毕业人数为( )我国出现人才过剩的原因在于( )
根据我国现行宪法规定,人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关在办理刑事案件过程中的相互关系是()。
线程是进程中的一个执行实体,每个线程有惟一的标识符和一张【】。
从工程管理角度看,软件设计一般分为两步完成,它们是
RegenerationofLimbsMostpeoplewouldagreethatitwouldbewonderfulifhumanscouldregeneratelimbs.Thesewhohavelos
最新回复
(
0
)