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  3. According to a scientific study published in April, 2015, birds have shown they can plan for a future state of mind. Hoardin

According to a scientific study published in April, 2015, birds have shown they can plan for a future state of mind. Hoardin

admin2021-12-15  101
问题     According to a scientific study published in April, 2015, birds have shown they can plan for a future state of mind.
    Hoarding【C1】________for future use is not unique to humans. Birds, squirrels and monkeys do it. But the ability to think not just about tomorrow, but to realize how tomorrow’s feelings might differ from today’s, was thought to be the【C2】________of people. This week researchers demonstrated that Western scrub-jays, a type of crow, can do it, too.
    The researchers, led by Nicky Clayton of the University of Cambridge, wanted to test an idea proposed by Wolfgang Kohler, Norbert Bischof and Doris Bischof Kohler, three German psychologists. The Bischof Kohler hypothesis says that only humans can mentally separate themselves from what they are experiencing to     【C3】________how they might feel about future events.
    To test whether this is so, Dr.   Clayton and her colleagues sought to tease apart scrub-jays’【C4】________desires from their planning for future needs. They let the birds eat as much of one food as they wanted, exploiting a condition called specific satiety (饱足) —once the birds are full of one food, they show strong     【C5】________for something different. They then offered the birds that same food or a second one to store for later.
    【C6】________the scrub-jays behaved as predicted, choosing to stow away the second food, which they had not just eaten. But minutes before allowing the birds to【C7】________their storage, the researchers fed the birds to satiety with that second food—the one they had already stored. The birds changed their hoarding preferences on the very next trial. Even though they had just had their fill of the first food, they still hoard it, presumably because they thought it would be their preferred choice later. The results are published in this week’s Current Biology.
    The finding matters because the birds seem to plan ahead for what they will want later, even though their choice conflicts with what they want now. It could prompt a【C8】________of how animals perceive the world around them. Without the benefit of【C9】________subjects who can explain their thinking? However, Dr. Clayton and her colleagues will have to develop even more cunning experiments to【C10】________complex mental processes from simple behavior.
    A) conceive        F) Incidentally   K) preference
    B) contend         G) infer          L) preserve
    C) experimental    H) Initially      M) provisions
    D) explicit        I) momentary      N) reassessment
    E) homogeneous     J) predecessor    O) recover
【C8】
选项
答案N
解析 名词辨析题。根据空格前的a以及空格后的of可知，该空缺少名词。由空格所在句的上一句可推知本句句意为：实验促使人们重新估量动物是如何感知这个世界的。故N)reassessment“重新估计”符合句意，为正确答案。
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