2. 外语
  3. Anthropologists assert that cultures advance only when independence replaces dependence—that is, only when imposition by outside

Anthropologists assert that cultures advance only when independence replaces dependence—that is, only when imposition by outside

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问题 Anthropologists assert that cultures advance only when independence replaces dependence—that is, only when imposition by outsiders is replaced by initiative from within. In other words, the natives of a culture are the only ones who can move that culture forward. Non-natives may provide valuable advice, but any imposition of their views threatens independence and thus progress. If one looks at individual schools as separate cultures, therefore, the key to educational progress is obvious that______. Which one of the following best completes the passage?
选项 A、individual schools must be independent of outside imposition
B、some schools require more independence than others, depending on the initiative of their staffs and students
C、school system officials must tailor their initiatives for change to each individual school in the system
D、outsiders must be prevented from participation in schools’ efforts to advance
E、the more independent a school is, the more educational progress it will make
答案A
解析 只有当独立性代替依赖性时，文化才能进步，因此若把单个学校看作是独立的文化，那么独立文化发展所需的必要条件也是单个学校发展所需的必要条件。所以学校发展即教育进步的必要条件是不依赖于外部的力量，由此可知选项(A)为正确答案；(B)做了一个不相关的新比较，在逻辑单题中，与上文未提到的新概念的比较必然不对；(C)答非所问，教育系统的官员改变他们的首创精神固然能促使教育的进步，但是这个进步并不是单个学校所做出的努力；(D)太绝对化，一个学校要发展，只是要它不依赖于外部力量，而不是不可以借鉴或引入外部力量，他山之石，可以攻玉，局外人参加学校为进步而进行的尝试未尝不可，只是不要凡事都依赖他们就是了；(E)具有一定的迷惑性，但(E)太绝对化，过分地强调了独立性的作用。在逻辑论证中，太绝对化的命题往往都是不正确的。
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