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  3. Dieting is often doomed to failure. The problem is, we don’t follow the rules we learn. No carbs after 6pm? No problem—until we’

Dieting is often doomed to failure. The problem is, we don’t follow the rules we learn. No carbs after 6pm? No problem—until we’

admin2015-02-12  25
问题     Dieting is often doomed to failure. The problem is, we don’t follow the rules we learn. No carbs after 6pm? No problem—until we’re out for dinner, on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket. Everyone has a flash point that makes it hard to say no, but ultimately, resisting temptation is the key to successful weight loss.
    Now research from leading psychologists has identified the parts of the brain involved in resisting temptation, and how we can use them to stop reaching for chocolate cake. Leading the charge is Professor Walter Mischel, the psychologist who, in the 1960s, developed the "marshmallow test", which demonstrated that if children were able to delay gratification, they would be more successful in later life. Mischel’s research has shown that to resist temptation, we have to shift activity away from the "hot" parts of our brain to the "cool" parts. The mind brain has two systems: one is cool, slow and deliberate, and allows for self-control, goal-setting and willpower—the ’no’ system, if you like. The other is hot, emotional and instinctual, and present from birth—the ’go’ system.
    So when you see a chocolate cake, the "hot" part of your brain reacts to thoughts of the delicious taste, and the sugar rush that you have learnt a slice will give you. Instead of giving in, what you need to do is to activate the "cool" part of your brain by thinking about your goals and practicing farsightedness. Imagine the sense of satisfaction you’d get, from fitting into your favourite dress in a couple of weeks’ time, say, or from losing your unsightly tummy bulge before you go sunbathing this summer. It’s a simple strategy, but experiments have shown it is highly effective.
    Perception is also important. Feasting your eyes on desirable food activates the hot system in the brain, which explains what we know instinctively: putting biscuits out of sight in a cupboard will mean you eat fewer of them. "The problem with diets is they are also full of pictures of delicious diet food, and all of this is just priming the hot system," Mischel says.
    Stress is another key issue. It has been shown to switch on the hot part of the brain and cause us to overeat. The first thing to do is to be aware of how stress changes your behavior. Then develop an action plan to deal with it. This might involve taking healthy snacks to work or finding ways to cope better with your time and emotions.
    Brain scans have also shown that memory plays a significant role in overeating. If you habitually eat chocolate, for instance, then every time you see it, you remember the high. So the research is clear: if you want to be slim, fit and healthy, it’s time to take control of your mind.
According to the passage, which of the following statements about "stress" is most probably right?
选项 A、Stress isn’t a critical factor which affects the result of dieting.
B、To deal with stress, one has to know the changes of his/her behavior.
C、When facing stress, people tends to have no appetite.
D、One shouldn’t eat anything at all during work when stressed.
答案B
解析 属信息推断题。通过题目中的“stress”可定位至第五段。选项A犯了曲解文意的错误，第五段第一句就指出压力也是一个(减肥成功与否的)重要因素，故选项A错误。文章提到应对压力的第一步就是要意识到你的生活因为压力发生了哪些变化，故选项B正确。选项C与原文恰好相反，第五段第二句作者指出人在压力大的时候比较容易多吃，而非食欲不振，故错误。选项D犯了夸大其词的错误，文章提到人们可以在工作时候吃一些健康的零食以缓解压力，而不是什么都不能吃，故错误。
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