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  3. Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it

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问题     Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.
    First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底的) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual anti moral information which he has obtained. (47)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
    This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist for one (48)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
    The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. "Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts", as Emerson would say, "is something else".

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答案知识分子的作用与法官相似，他必须接受一种义务，那就是在尽可能清楚的事情中揭示导致其做出决定的推理过程。
解析 本句考到(非限制性)定语从句，所以首先要确认主句和定语从句两部分。主句部分中，要理解，或者是推断"analogous"一词的含义，有一定的难度。上下文中"协that(function)of a judge"就显示"his function"和"that of a judge"之间是某种类比关系。定语从句部分则相对较难，也是本句翻译的关键。本定语从句的主干是"who must accept the obligation"，而"obligation"后面全部是修饰成分—整个定语从句是从句套从句的复杂结构，理解这一点后翻译起来也就迎刃而解了。
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