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  3. Everyone arriving at a hospital’s emergency room (ER) wishes to be seen quickly, but for stroke patients it can be a matter of l

Everyone arriving at a hospital’s emergency room (ER) wishes to be seen quickly, but for stroke patients it can be a matter of l

admin2015-07-05  31
问题     Everyone arriving at a hospital’s emergency room (ER) wishes to be seen quickly, but for stroke patients it can be a matter of life or death. The most common stroke involves a blood clot blocking vessels in the brain, killing brain cells nearby almost immediately. Luckily, an effective treatment exists. Thrombolytic (溶解血栓的) therapy uses drugs to dissolve the clot and restore the flow of blood. If started within a couple of hours of a stroke occurring, it can limit brain damage and reduce long-term disability. Neurologists even have a catchphrase for this: "time is brain".
    Understandably, hospitals strive to identify stroke cases and administer such medication without delay. A key step is using a computed tomography (CT) scanner to ensure that there has been no bleeding in the brain, in which case thrombolytic drugs would make things worse. The last couple of decades have seen many innovations in reducing this "time to CT".
    But in shaving seconds from medical procedures, researchers may have neglected something more important: the human element. Gal Ifergane, a neurologist at Soroka University Medical Centre in southern Israel, noticed that stroke patients who were accompanied to the ER by friends or family seemed to fare better than those who arrived alone. So for 15 months, ER staff at Soroka recorded the number of companions escorting each stroke sufferer, over 700 in all, and tracked their progress.
    The results, recently published in Medicine, tell a striking story. Stroke victims arriving with someone were more than twice as likely to be correctly diagnosed by the triage nurse, and had their CT scans performed earlier. Patients eligible for clot-busting medication also received it much faster if accompanied, although their numbers were too few for the researchers to be sure it was because they had company. The differences were far from trivial. Patients with one companion had CT scans an average of 15 minutes sooner than those unaccompanied. A second companion shaved a further 20 minutes off the wait, although three or more companions did not confer any additional benefit.
    Dr. Ifergane did not record who the companions were, however, or how they were able to reduce delays. He believes that it is probably a combination of focusing the attention of clinical staff on their loved ones, and providing basic care such as helping to move patients into bed.
    Dr. Ifergane admits that his study has limitations. The sample size was rather small and his findings may reflect cultural norms in Israel that do not apply elsewhere. But he has already tried to make changes in the way the Soroka University Medical Centre operates. " We asked our security team to allow two people to come in with stroke patients rather than just one," he says. "And we now consider stroke patients who are coming alone as a group at risk. "
    Dr. Ifergane also recommends that ERs provide a friendly " stroke liaison" to accompany lone patients during the diagnostic and treatment processes. Something other hospitals might think about, too.
Which of the following statements is true about "time to CT" ?
选项 A、It helps to make accurate diagnoses.
B、It is significant to lives of stroke patients.
C、It may simplify the medical procedures.
D、It is often neglected by the researchers.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。定位句指出，CT是确诊中风情况的关键，人们一直在努力减少“time to CT”，再结合首段中提到的时间对于中风病人来说会产生生死间的差别可知，这个等待CT检查的时间对于中风病人的生命来说意义重大，故答案为B)。A)“它能帮助做出准确的诊断”，对诊断正误起关键性作用的是CT检查，而不是等待CT检查的时间，A)错误，故排除；C)“它可以简化治疗程序”，等待CT检查是治疗程序的一个环节，本身不能简化程序，故排除；D)“它经常被研究者忽视”，本段最后一句提到，人们一直在努力缩短这个环节。可见，其没有被忽视，故排除。
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