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  3. Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. Wha

Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. Wha

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问题      Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 【61】<> One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.<> 【62】<> The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.<> The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 【63】<>The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.<> As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional pre-scientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 【64】<> They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.<> A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning "values." Who will use a technology and to what ends? 【65】<> Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.<>
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答案行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释一直很难找到。
解析 这是一个主从复合句。句子的框架是The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because...and partly because...。两个partly because引导并列的原因状语从句。主句是The behavioral sciences have been slow to change。原因状语从句在句末可译成“之所以…是因为…”的句式。句中的explanatory items原意为“用来解释的条目”。在此句中如果这样直译，那就有失准确。因为explanatory items指代的是61句中的states of mind，feelings，traits of character，human nature。所以，应当根据上下文译为“用来解释行为的依据”。
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