首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Terrorism I. What is terrorism? A. 【T1】______in different lights: a tactic and 【T1】______ strategy, a crime, a holy duty, etc.
Terrorism I. What is terrorism? A. 【T1】______in different lights: a tactic and 【T1】______ strategy, a crime, a holy duty, etc.
admin
2020-06-04
35
问题
Terrorism
I. What is terrorism?
A. 【T1】______in different lights: a tactic and 【T1】______
strategy, a crime, a holy duty, etc.
B. An effective tactic for 【T2】______ 【T2】______
C. Offering opponents no clear organization to
【T3】______ 【T3】______
II. The effect of terrorism
A. The effectiveness of terrorists lies in the
public’s or government’s 【T4】______ 【T4】______
B. Three perspectives of terrorism:
- Terrorist’s: not evil, but 【T5】______ 【T5】______
- Victim’s: criminal with no regard for
【T6】______ 【T6】______
- General public’s: 【T7】______ 【T7】______
III. Future trends in terrorism
A. Increasing ability to adapt to:
- Counter-terrorism measures and 【T8】______ 【T8】______
e.g. more 【T9】______with other sub-state 【T9】______
entities, such as criminal organizations
- Counter-terrorism techniques and methods
e.g. (10)____of the network form of organization 【T10】______
- New technologies, and adapt existing ones to
their uses
e.g. exploiting disposable cellular phones,
Internet cafes, and other 【T11】______means to 【T11】______
exchange information.
B. Significant 【T12】______after disruption by 【T12】______
counter-terrorist action
C. The tendency of (13)_____produces pressures 【T13】______
on terrorists to increase the impact and violence of
their actions
IV. The main power centers for terrorism:
【T14】______, Pakistan and Afghanistan, 【T14】______
where religiously motivated Islamic terrorist groups
fill 【T15】______ 【T15】______
V. Conclusion
【T3】
Terrorism
Good morning. Today, we shall talk about the worldwide headache for each nation — terrorism. First, what is terrorism? Terrorism has been described variously as both a tactic and strategy; a crime and a holy duty; a justified reaction to oppression and an inexcusable abomination. Obviously, a lot depends on whose point of view is being represented. Terrorism has often been an effective tactic for the weaker side in a conflict. As an asymmetric form of conflict, it confers coercive power with many of the advantages of military force at a fraction of the cost. Due to the secretive nature and small size of terrorist organizations, they often offer opponents no clear organization to defend against or to deter.
Second, we will talk about the effect of terrorism. Terrorism is a criminal act that influences an audience beyond the immediate victim. The strategy of terrorists is to commit acts of violence that draws the attention of the local populace, the government, and the world to their cause. The terrorists plan their attack to obtain the greatest publicity, choosing targets that symbolize what they oppose. The effectiveness of the terrorist act lies not in the act itself, but in the public’s or government’s reaction to the act. There are three perspectives of terrorism: the terrorist’s, the victim’s, and the general public’s. The phrase "one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter" is a view terrorists themselves would accept. Terrorists do not see themselves as evil. They believe they are legitimate combatants, fighting for what they believe in, by whatever means possible. A victim of a terrorist act sees the terrorist as a criminal with no regard for human life. The general public’s view is the most unstable. The terrorists take great pains to foster a "Robin Hood" image in hope of swaying the general public’s point of view toward their cause. This sympathetic view of terrorism has become an integral part of their psychological warfare and needs to be countered vigorously.
Third, we will focus our attention on the future trends in terrorism. As a conflict method that has survived and evolved through several millennia to flourish in the modern information age, terrorism continues to adapt to meet the challenges of emerging forms of conflict, and exploit developments in technology and society. Terrorism has demonstrated increasing abilities to adapt to counter-terrorism measures and political failure. Terrorists are developing new capabilities of attack and improving the efficiency of existing methods. Additionally, terrorist groups have shown significant progress in escaping from a subordinate role in nation-state conflicts, and becoming prominent as international influences in their own right. They are becoming more integrated with other sub-state entities, such as criminal organizations and legitimately chartered corporations, and are gradually assuming a measure of control and identity with national governments.
Meanwhile, terrorists have shown the ability to adapt to the techniques and methods of counter-terror agencies and intelligence organizations over the long term. The decentralization of the network form of organization is an example of this. Adopted to reduce the disruption caused by the loss of key links in a chain of command, a network organization also complicates the tasks of security forces, and reduces predictability of operations.
Terrorists have also been quick to use new technologies, and adapt existing ones to their uses. The debate over privacy of computer data was largely spurred by the specter of terrorists planning and communicating with encrypted data beyond law enforcement’s ability to intercept or decode this data. To exchange information, terrorists have exploited disposable cellular phones, over the counter long-distance calling cards, Internet cafes, and other means of anonymous communications. Embedding information in digital pictures and graphics is another innovation employed to enable the clandestine global communication that modern terrorists require.
Terrorists have also demonstrated significant resiliency after disruption by counter-terrorist action. Some groups have redefined themselves after being defeated or being forced into dormancy. The Shining Path of Peru lost its leadership cadre and founding leader to counter-terrorism efforts by the Peruvian government in 1993. The immediate result was severe degradation in the operational capabilities of the group. However, the Shining Path has returned to rural operations and organization in order to reconstitute itself. Although not the threat that it was, the group remains in being, and could exploit further unrest or governmental weakness in Peru to continue its renewal.
Likewise, due to the increase in information outlets, and competition with increasing numbers of other messages, terrorism now requires a greatly increased amount of violence or novelty to attract the attention it requires. The tendency of major media to compete for ratings and the subsequent revenue realized from increases in their audience size and share produces pressures on terrorists to increase the impact and violence of their actions to take advantage of this sensationalism.
Today, most experts believe that certain parts of the Middle East, Pakistan and Afghanistan are turning out to be the main power centers for terrorism. Decades of lawlessness and corruption have seen Islamic terrorist groups fill the power vacuum in this region and continue to turn out an alarming number of religiously motivated terrorists.
To conclude today’s lecture, we can say that terrorism is a very complicated issue, which can be defined in different lights. Second, we talked about the effects of terrorism, and third, we discussed the future trend of terrorism, especially the resilience and adaptability they have demonstrated in counter-terrorist actions. Finally, we must state that certain parts of the Middle East are turning out to be the main power centers for terrorism.
选项
答案
defend against/deter
解析
细节题。讲座中明确提到:...they often offer opponents no clear organization to defend against or to deter.两个动词词组任选其一,可以直接填入。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/M0bK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TeachingMethodsforEffectiveCommunicationI.Writeimportantpointson【T1】______【T1】______—theorganizationofideas—tec
HowtoWriteaThesisI.Introduction—writethissectionafter【T1】______therestofthepaper【T1】______—includea(an)【T2】_
A、Becauseitmadepeoplemad.B、Becauseitputtoomanyphotosonthepaper.C、Becauseitmadestoriestooshort.D、Becauseitm
A、Two.B、Three.C、Four.D、Five.A根据句(4一1)和句(4—2)可知,卡洛琳给出的两条建议分别是使用网上银行和在网上购物,而这两条建议都与网络有关,因此答案为[A]。
TheDifferenceBetweenSpokenandWrittenEnglishI.Thedefinitionofspeechandwritingtwo【T1】______methodsofcommunication
TipsonReadingI.Three【T1】______phasesofreading【T1】______—beforereading—inthecourseofreading—afterreadingII.Pre-
A、Onehalf.B、Twofifths.C、Onequarter.D、10%to15%.D本题设题点在数字处。根据句(2)可知,国家卫生研究所提到,总人口中有10%到16%的人患有慢性失眠症,因此[D]为答案。
A、Becausetheexistingairportsaretobewasted.B、Becausemorepeoplewillbeencouragedtotravel.C、Becausemoreoilwillbe
A、Himself.B、Two.C、ThreeD、Four.C对话中,警察问Mr.Simpson车内是否有乘客,Mr.Simpson说还有他的妻子和一位朋友,所以共有三个人,选择C项。听录音时注意ayounglady一词,它并非指另外一个人,而
A、Freeticket.B、Freephonecall.C、Cashreward.D、Seatreservation.D本题考查对于主动转乘下一航班的旅客的补偿。根据录音,这样的旅客有可能得到cashbribe或afreetrip
随机试题
关于非法提供麻醉药品、精神药品罪,下列说法错误的是()。
股骨粉碎性骨折引起的休克大面积烧伤引起的休克
颞下颌关节紊乱病髁状突前斜面广泛破坏X线表现颞下颌关节紊乱病髁状突小凹陷缺损X线表现
产后发热感染邪毒证型方用《金匮要略》大黄牡丹汤,其药物组成()
在TN—C三相交流380/220V平衡配电系统中,负载电流为39A,采用BV导线穿钢管敷设,若每相三次谐波电流为50%时,中性线导体截面选择最低不应小于下列哪一项数值?(不考虑电压降、环境和线路敷设方式等影响,导体允许持续载流量按下表选取)(
以下属于位置平均数的是()。
《行政处罚法》规定,行政机关可以采取抽样取证和登记保存的方法收集证据,抽样取证和登记,属于()。
我国对资本主义工商业采取和平赎买的政策内容和成功意义。
使用VC6打开考生文件夹下的源程序文件modi3.cpp。其中定义的类并不完整,按要求完成列操作,将类的定义补充完整,实现以下功能:(1)完成CBook类构造函数,对整型变量ID和作者Author进行赋值,请在注释//********1********后
必须用一对大括号括起来的程序段是()。
最新回复
(
0
)