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  3. Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable! that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is

Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable! that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is

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问题     Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable! that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile (侧面). This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode (把......编码) or decode (译解) meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the "proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner. "
    The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact：if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversations. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses; there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.
According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’s neck because ______.
选项 A、they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker
B、they need not communicate through eye contact
C、they don’t think it polite to have eye contact
D、they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood
答案D
解析 本题是一道具体细节题。问按照文章内容，日本人在与人说话时眼睛看着对方脖子的原因是什么。利用查阅式阅读法，根据文章第一段第七句和第八句的内容：“然而，在日本，小孩都是被背在妈妈的背上，孩子们对于眼睛的交流作用了解得不如其他文化背景下的孩子。因此日本成年人也很少利用面部表情来表达和理解一些思想。”因此，本题的正确答案应是选择项D“因为他们在婴幼儿时期很少有目光接触的机会”。
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