2. 外语
  3. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start s

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start s

admin2011-01-04  89
问题     Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
    Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is a-greed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitation can be considered as speech.
    It is a problem we need not get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at say seven months, of "mama" as a greeting for his mother can not be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes.
    Playful and apparently meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents cash in on this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech
选项 A、is important because words have different meanings for different people
B、is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
C、is one that can never be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D、is one that should be completely ignored because children’s use of words is often meaningless
答案B
解析 原文第三段第一句谈到：这(the point at which one can say that these imitation can be considered as speech)是一个我们不必深究的问题。并且在下一句中进一步解释 说明：一个词的意思取决于特定的人在特定的条件下使用这个词所要表达的意思。很明显，随着孩子社会经验的不断丰富，孩子使用同一个词时想表达的意思也是不同的。所以，本题答案选B。
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