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  3. (1) If your child is overweight or obese, this means that they are carrying excess body fat. Doctors and nurses can check to see

(1) If your child is overweight or obese, this means that they are carrying excess body fat. Doctors and nurses can check to see

admin2022-06-02  81
问题     (1) If your child is overweight or obese, this means that they are carrying excess body fat. Doctors and nurses can check to see whether or not your child is overweight or obese by calculating their body mass index (BMI).
    (2) BMI is a measurement of your child’s weight in relation to their height. BMI is calculated by dividing your child’s weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. It is important to note that a child’s BMI is not interpreted in the same way as an adult’s BMI.
    (3) Children who are overweight or obese can develop health problems such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, fatty iiver disease and gallstones. They are also at increased risk for developing heart disease.
    (4) A child who is overweight or obese also has an increased risk of:
    (5) - Joint problems such as osteoarthritis as well as a condition known as slipped femoral epiphysis, which involves separation of the ball of the hip joint from the upper end of the thigh bone.
    (6) - Going through puberty early.
    (7) - Breathing problems, including worsening of asthma, difficulties with your child’s breathing whilst they are asleep (obstructive sleep apnoea) and feeling out of breath easily when exercising.
    (8) - Developing iron deficiency and vitamin D deficiency.
    (9) - Being overweight or obese as an adult (more than half of children who are obese will grow up to be obese as adults).
    (10) HOW COMMON IS IT?
    (11) The statistics are truly frightening. 20-25% of children are currently overweight according to most studies. The Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal study showed that one in four 9-year-old children were overweight (19% overweight, 7% obese).
    (12) CAUSES
    (13) For anyone (including children), your weight depends on how much energy you take in (the calories in food and drink) and how much energy your body uses or burns up. The reasons why energy taken in may not balance energy used up and may lead to weight gain in children, include the following:
    (14) - How much a child eats and drinks. Many children are overweight or obese simply because they eat and drink more than their body needs. Having too many foods that are sugary or fatty is a common problem. Sugary drinks also are often part of the problem.
    (15) - A lack of physical activity. A child may be eating the right type and the right amount of food but, if they are not doing enough physical activity, they may put on weight. Long periods without exercise also contribute — for example, spending many hours watching television or playing video games. Having parents who are inactive can also increase a child’s risk of being overweight or obese.
    (16) - Your parents. Being overweight or obese does run in families. It is thought that 5 out of 10 children who have one parent who is obese will become obese themselves, whereas 8 out of 10 children who have two parents who are obese will also become obese themselves.
    (17) - Lack of sleep. Not getting enough sleep has been suggested as another possible risk factor for obesity in children. There seems to be a trend of children going to bed later but, also, too little physical exercise can lead to poor sleep.
    (18) TREATMENT
    (19) The main way to treat a child who is overweight or obese is to look at changes that can be made to their lifestyle.
    (20) - Eating more healthily. Overweight children should be encouraged to eat more healthily and to reduce the total number of calories that they eat per day.
    (21) - Doing plenty of physical activity. It is recommended that all children do at least 60 minutes of moderate physical activity every day. Some suggest that children who are overweight or obese should even do more than this.
    (22) - Psychological support. Being overweight or obese as a child may lead to psychological problems for some children. As a parent or carer, you may feel able to discuss with your child how they are feeling, or you may wish to involve your child’s healthcare professional for support and guidance.
Which of the following kinds of people is most likely to gain weight?
选项 A、People who can eat and drink a lot.
B、People who exercise less.
C、People who take in much more than their body can use or burn up.
D、People who have sweet teeth.
答案C
解析 细节题。根据题于，先定位到causes这一部分，可以看出吃喝的多少、锻炼的多少都是相对的，体重增加主要是因为吸收的和消耗的不平衡，后者大大少于前者才会引起超重或肥胖。
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