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  3. Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Frances

Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Frances

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问题     Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Francesca Bignami, a professor at George Washington University’s law school, says that the explosion of digital technologies has made it impossible for watchdogs to keep a close eye on every web company operating in their backyard. So instead they are relying more on scapegoating prominent wrongdoers in the hope that this will deter others.
    But regulators such as Peter Schaar, who heads Germany’s federal data-protection agency, say the gulf is exaggerated. Some European countries, he points out, now have rules that make companies who suffer big losses of customer data to report these to the authorities. The inspiration for these measures comes from America.
    Yet even Mr. Schaar admits that the internet’s global scale means that there will need to be changes on both sides of the Atlantic. He hints that Europe might adopt a more flexible regulatory stance if America were to create what amounts to an independent data-protection body along European lines. In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995, the European Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies. In America Congress has begun debating a new privacy bill arid the Federal Trade Commission is considering an overhaul of its rules.
    Even if America and Europe do narrow their differences, internet firms will still have to struggle with other data watchdogs. In Asia countries that belong to APEC are trying to develop a set of regional guidelines for privacy rules under an initiative known as the Data Privacy Pathfinder. Some countries such as Australia and New Zealand have longstanding privacy laws, but many emerging nations have yet to roll out fully fledged versions of their own. Mr. Polonetsky sees Asia as "a new privacy battleground", with America and Europe both keen to tempt countries towards their own regulatory model.
    Canada already has something of a hybrid privacy regime, which may explain why its data-protection commissioner, Jennifer Stoddart, has been so influential on the international stage. She marshaled the signatories of the Google Buzz letter and took Facebook to task last year for breaching Canada’s data privacy laws, which led the company to change its policies.
    Ms Stoddart argues that American companies often trip up on data-privacy issues because of "their brimming optimism that the whole world wants what they have rolled out in America." Yet the same optimism has helped to create global companies that have brought huge benefits to consumers, while also presenting privacy regulators with tough choices. Shoehorning such firms into old privacy frameworks will not benefit either them or their users.
It can be learned that Europe’s data-protection polices ________.
选项 A、are copies of American model
B、feature independence and flexibility
C、are being reviewed by the European Commission
D、use America’s for reference
答案D
解析 根据题干的data-protection定位到第二段。该段第二句讲到，一些欧洲国家已制定相关条例，第三句则表示这些措施是受美国启发的结果，即欧洲的数据保护条例参考了美国版本，故本题选D项。第二段第三句说，这些措施是受美国inspiration“启发”的结果，欧洲并未完全copy“复制”美国模式，A项表述错误。第三段第二句说，夏尔暗示道，如果美国根据欧洲条例建造一个实际上独立的数据保护组织，欧洲可能会实行更加灵活的规章制度，“如果”表明这只是个假设，不是事实，B项是利用原文中出现的flexible和independent进行干扰。C项偷换概念。欧洲委员会审查的是自己的隐私政策，而数据保护政策是否正在被审查，原文并未提及。
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