首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they
admin
2016-01-30
46
问题
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machine’s "intelligence" on the details of its own perceptions — its inability to be guided by any large context. In a psychological description of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single-minded, literal-minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness, literal-mindedness, and simple-mindedness also characterizes theoretical mathematics, though to a lesser extent.
Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach.
Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined, and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists’ theoretical assumptions that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context — what happens if the axioms are relaxed — is thereby ignored.
The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.
According to the text, mathematicians present a risk to scientists for which of the following reasons?
选项
A、Mathematicians may provide theories that are incompatible with those already developed by scientists.
B、Mathematicians may define situations in a way that is incomprehensible to scientists.
C、Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts.
D、Scientists may come to believe that axiomatic statements are untrue.
答案
C
解析
细节推理题。根据题干中的关键词risk定位到原文第三段第七句。原句中danger后面的同谓语从句,可以推断出本题的正确选项是突出“theoretical assumptions are facts”的选项C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/MBGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Realpolicemen,bothBritainandtheUnitedStates,hardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV
Itisastonishinghowlittleisknownabouttheworkingofthemind.Buthoweverlittleormuchisknown,itisfairlycleartha
Inhisusual______manner,hehadinsuredhimselfagainstthistypeofloss.
Whenconcernedparentsprotesttheexcessivesexorviolenceontelevision,theyoftenseekcontroloftelevisionfromsomeouts
(浙江大学2008年试题)Sincetheearly1930s,Swissbankshadpridedthemselvesontheirsystemofbankingsecrecyandnumberedaccou
(中国矿业大学2006年试题)Generally,acomputerisanydevicethatcanperformnumericalcalculations.Currently,【1】,thetermusually
(四川大学2010年试题)Youprobablyknowthatit’sbetterforbothyouandtheenvironmentifyoubuyanorganictomatoinsteadofon
HelenKeller’sworkgavecomfortandencouragementtootherhandicappedpeoplewho______mighthaveledahopelesslife.
"TheChildisFatheroftheMan,"wrotetheEnglishpoetWilliamWordsworth.AdultstodayareasawareasWordsworthoftheimpo
The______questioninthiscaseiswhethertheaccusedhadamotiveforthiscrimeornot.
随机试题
无形产品的特点有
患者,男,43岁。患乙型肝炎半年余,症见两胁胀满,口苦,食欲不振,有时欲呕,咽喉发干,舌苔薄白,脉弦。宜选何方治疗
依据《环境影响评价技术导则声环境》,某新建的中型建设项目,所在的声环境功能区为3类区,建设前后对评价范围内的商场噪声级增高量为7—9dB(A),对评价范围内的居住区噪声级增高量为3—4dB(A),此建设项目声环境影响应按()进行工作。
编制银行存款余额调节表时,下列未达账项中,会导致企业银行存款日记账的账面余额小于银行对账单余额的有()。
Inrecentdecades,thereisaphenomenonwhichmakesusgivesomeattention,theso-calledSoutheastAsian"Tigers"haverivaled
A、 B、 C、 D、 D每个图形中均有直角。
某单位共有A、B、C三个部门,三部门人员平均年龄分别为38岁、24岁、42岁。A和B两部门人员平均年龄为30岁,B和C两部门人员平均年龄为34岁。该单位全体人员的平均年龄为多少岁?()
设3阶方阵A的特征值是1,2,3,它们所对应的特征向量依次为α1,α2,α3,令P=(3α3,α1,2α2),则P-1AP=______
Youwrinkleyournoseandnarrowyoureyelidsifyouseeadeadratintheroad,butyouopenyoureyesandmouthwideifyouse
Womenmightbeonamoreevenfootingatwork,butathometheircareerstendtotakeabackseattotheirhusband’sjob,accordi
最新回复
(
0
)