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  3. For several decades biologists have pondered the question of whether men and women produce pheromones. A pheromone is a chemical

For several decades biologists have pondered the question of whether men and women produce pheromones. A pheromone is a chemical

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问题     For several decades biologists have pondered the question of whether men and women produce pheromones. A pheromone is a chemical signal from one animal to another. 【F1】 Often, though not always , such chemicals indicate sexual availability—and when it comes to human mating signals in particular, those looking into the matter have a couple of specific molecules in mind.
    Androstadienone (AND) and estratetraenol (EST) are derived, respectively, from male and female hormones and are exuded in sweat. The idea that they are pheromonal is thus worth investigating. 【F2】 The results of such investigations as have been made so far, though, are contradictory. Some experiments have found that these molecules make opposite-sex faces, or photographs thereof, appear more attractive to heterosexual volunteers. Others discern no such effect.
    【F3】 Unfortunately, most of these studies were done with groups of volunteers too small for clear conclusions to be drawn, or using less-than-rigorous experimental methods. To try to clear up the confusion, a group of researchers led by Robin Hare of the University of Western Australia have performed one of the most stringent studies to date. They report their results this week in Royal Society Open Science.
    Dr. Hare and his colleagues took 43 men and 51 women, all of them straight, and gave them two tasks. One was to decide whether an androgynous computer-generated face was, on balance, more likely to be female or male. The other was to rate members of the opposite sex shown in photographs for both their sexual attractiveness and their likelihood of being unfaithful.
    The participants completed both tasks twice, on consecutive days. On one day they were exposed to the appropriate molecule (AND for the women; EST for the men) and on the other to a placebo that ought to have had no effect. Crucially, the study was double-blinded, which meant that neither the researchers nor the participants knew which day was which. 【F4】 This should have made it impossible for unconscious biases on the part of the experimenters or the subjects to have had any effect on the result.
    If AND and EST really are aphrodisiac pheromones, the researchers reasoned, then they ought to make participants more likely to assume that androgynous faces belonged to the opposite sex. 【F5】 They should also boost the sex appeal of the people in the photographs—and, because of that boost, increase the perception that those people might be unfaithful, since the attractive have more opportunities for infidelity than the plain.
【F5】
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答案它们还会增加人们在照片中的性吸引力，同时，这也会令他人更加倾向于认为这些人可能会不忠，因为相貌有吸引力的人比相貌普通的人出轨的可能性会更大。
解析 ．本句是并列复合句。主干句的主语是They，谓语是boost，谓语是sex appeal；并列句谓语是increase，宾语是perception。为了解释什么样的sex appeal，of the people作后置定语修饰sex appeal，in the photographs作地点状语；because of that boost是个插入语，在此处补足句意；that those people might be unfaithful是一句由that作引导的定语从句，先行词是perception；since引导原因状语从句进一步解释说明上句，正因为相貌有吸引力的人比相貌普通的人出轨的可能性会更大。在此涉及一些结构复杂的难句的翻译，我们只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。此处用的顺译法即把整个句子分割成若干个意义单位或信息单位逐一译出，再用增补、删减等手段把这些单位自然衔接，形成完整的意思。
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