首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Economists often like to speak of Homo economicus—rational economic man. In practice, human economic behaviour is not quite as r
Economists often like to speak of Homo economicus—rational economic man. In practice, human economic behaviour is not quite as r
admin
2020-03-31
32
问题
Economists often like to speak of Homo economicus—rational economic man. In practice, human economic behaviour is not quite as rational as the relentless logic of theoretical economics suggests it ought to be. When buying things in a straight exchange of money for goods, people often respond to changes in price in exactly the way that theoretical economics predicts. But when faced with an exchange whose outcome is predictable only on average, most people prefer to avoid the risk of making a loss than to take the chance of making a gain in circumstances when the average expected outcome of the two actions would be the same.
There has been a lot of discussion about this discrepancy in the economic literature—in particular, about whether it is the product of cultural experience or is a reflection of a deeper biological phenomenon. So Keith Chen, of the Yale School of Management, and his colleagues decided to investigate its evolutionary past. They reasoned that if they could find similar behavior in another species of primate(none of which has yet invented a cash economy)this would suggest that loss-aversion evolved in a common ancestor. They chose the capuchin monkey, Cebus apella, a South American species often used for behavioral experiments.
First, the researchers had to introduce their monkeys to the idea of a cash economy. They did this by giving them small metal discs while showing them food. The monkeys quickly learned that humans valued these inedible discs so much that they were willing to trade them for scrumptious pieces of apple, grapes and jelly. Preliminary experiments established the amount of apple that was valued as much as either a grape or a cube of jelly, and set the price accordingly, at one disc per food item. The monkeys were then given 12 discs and allowed to trade them one at a time for whichever foodstuff they preferred.
Once the price had been established, though, it was changed. The size of the apple portions was doubled, effectively halving the price of apple. At the same time, the number of discs a monkey was given to spend fell from 12 to nine. The result was that apple consumption went up in exactly the way that price theory(as applied to humans)would predict. Indeed, averaged over the course of ten sessions it was within 1% of the theory’s prediction. One up to Cebus economicus.
The experimenters then began to test their animals’ risk aversion. They did this by offering them three different trading regimes in succession. Each required choosing between the wares of two experimental "salesmen". In the first regime one salesman offered one piece of apple for a disc, while the other offered two. However, half the time the second salesman only handed over one piece. Despite this deception, the monkeys quickly worked out that the second salesman offered the better overall deal, and came to prefer him.
The first trading regime mentioned in the final paragraph revealed that______.
选项
A、monkeys don’t mind being deceived
B、monkeys like to take risks
C、monkeys don’t really understand the concept of a cash economy
D、monkeys will "buy" from a deceptive person if he offers a better deal
答案
D
解析
属细节题。从文中最后一句可知答案。A项是不是介意被骗文章没提到,文章只是说尽管被骗,猴子们还是去买。B没有涉及。C虽为事实,但答非所问。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/MI1Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Britain’sflexiblelabourmarketwasaboonduringtheeconomicslump,helpingkeepjoblessnessdownandthen,whentherecovery
ShortlyafterTheEconomistwenttopress,about25,000peoplewereexpectedtoturnupattheLondonArtFair.Yourcorresponde
Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandb
Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandb
Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandb
Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandb
Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandb
Parenthoodisn’tacareer-killer.Infact,economistswithtwoormorekidstendtoproducemoreresearch,notless,thantheir
Theplanetsseemedlikeprettysmallplaces.Atthesametime,Earthseemedalotlargerthanitdoesnow.Noonehadeverseen
WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturningh
随机试题
最易引起枕骨大孔疝的颅内占位性病变是
某声源和敏感点之间拟设置声屏障,其菲涅尔数N为4.85,该声屏障可降低敏感点处声压级()。
按执行程度分类,工程建设标准分为()。
某大型泵站进水渠护底工程中,所用∮10钢筋量约为7.5t,由于施工需要承包人设立了∮6架立筋约0.4t,护底施工中钢筋各种损耗量约为0.1t;已知∮10,∮6钢筋单价为3500元/t,则发包人应向承包人支付该项内容的合同价款为()元。
A.sofartheyhaven’tsentbackanynewsB.IwouldlikeMr.Wangtocomeandlet’shavealookattheAsianmapC.I’mwonderingw
简述诽谤罪与诬告陷害罪的区别。
Mosthumanbeingsactuallydecidebeforetheythink.Whenanyhumanbeing—executive,specializedexpert,orpersoninthestreet
在数据文件in.dat中存放有200组数据,每组有3个数,每个数均是三位数。函数readDat()实现读取这200组数据并存放到结构体数组aa中。请编写函数jsSort(),其功能是:要求在200组数据中找出每组数据中的第一个数大于第二个数与第三个数之和.
如果你观察得够仔细,就会发现这张邮票有些不同之处。
Richardwasretryunhappyfornot______(invite)toattendthemeeting.
最新回复
(
0
)