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  3. Several months ago, planning to visit a friend hospitalized with AIDS, I asked a doctor whether I should take any precautions. "

Several months ago, planning to visit a friend hospitalized with AIDS, I asked a doctor whether I should take any precautions. "

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问题    Several months ago, planning to visit a friend hospitalized with AIDS, I asked a doctor whether I should take any precautions. "You’re more of a risk to him than he is to you, " said the doctor, Fred Valentine, an associate professor of medicine at New York University Medical Center. "You might have a cold or some minor infection that would be very serious for him if he caught it because he has no resistance." The risk to me, the doctor said, was almost nonexistent.
   【R1】______Doctors now think they understand how it infects, can test whether someone has been exposed to the virus, and know how to prevent its spread to others.
   【R2】______
   AIDS is a silent epidemic. According to recent figures from the Centers for Disease Control(CDC), since 1979, 15, 172 people in the United States have been diagnosed as having AIDS, and 7, 111 of them have died. These numbers are doubling every 10 to 12 months. Another 60, 000 to 120, 000 people have AIDS-related-complex(ARC), a milder form of the disease which will turn into AIDS in 5 to 20 percent of the cases.
   【R3】______Dr. Harold Jaffe, chief epidemiologist of the AIDS task force at the CDC, says that over five years perhaps 10 percent of the people carrying the virus will get AIDS. Another 25 percent will develop ARC. Since in a majority of cases AIDS is fatal—at least so far—the death toll could be enormous.
   Though the medical community is overwhelmingly convinced that AIDS can’t be caught by causal contact, that is what most people worry about. Part of the problem is semantic. Doctors are taught never to say "never" because there’s no such thing as 100-percent certainty in science. 【R4】______
   But the facts do speak strongly against transmission of AIDS through casual contact. To begin with, no researcher has found a single case contracted that way. Of all the AIDS cases reported in the past five years, not one resulted from sharing a residence, a school-room or an office with another AIDS patient, says Dr. Jaffe. 【R5】______
   Theoretically, there is a small risk from a barbershop shave with a straight edged razor(which may produce a minute amount of bleeding)if the razor has been contaminated with AIDS-carrying blood and left uncleaned. A similar situation holds if bleeding occurs during a manicure and the instruments are contaminated and not disinfected between customers.
   [A]For example, dental patients aren’t thought to be at risk. Instruments are sterilized by boiling, or autoclaving—the use of superheated steam under pressure. Either would kill the AIDS virus if it were present. Furthermore, most dentists use disposable needles for injections.
   [B]AIDS(acquired immune deficiency syndrome)was identified only four years ago and is still as mystifying to the public as it is frightening. Though a great deal remains to be learned about the disease, the store of information is increasing quickly.
   [C]Nor have any friends or family members who have tended AIDS victims come down with the disease, unless they had sexual contact with the victim. "Mothers who’ ve taken care of sons through their terminal illness, handling blood, body secretions, vomit—none of them has caught AIDS." says Dr. Valentine.
   [D]Because 392 AIDS victims contracted AIDS from contaminated blood given in a transfusion or from blood products used to treat hemophilia, many people worry about giving or receiving blood. To begin with, it is impossible to get AIDS by giving blood. A new, sterilized needle is used for each donor and is disposed of afterward.
   [E]More disturbing is that as many as 1.2 million Americans may have antibodies to the virus, and a majority of these may be carrying it, even though they have no symptoms. Some of them can spread the disease.
   [F]Though the public’ s attention has been focused on fears of casual contact with AIDS victims, medical authorities agree that the disease is not easy to catch. Indeed, the key to containing AIDS lies in two areas of contact that are anything but casual: sex and sharing intravenous drug needles. But sex and drug abuse are things that people can control. Research indicates that worries of this sort are unfounded.
   [G]So researchers say things like "There’s no evidence of casual spread of AIDS". The public, not recognizing the underlying principle, is suspicious and tends to overestimate the uncertainty.
【R1】
选项
答案B
解析 空格前第一段是全文的铺垫，即背景。B项接着介绍了艾滋病及人们对它的认识。选项的最后一句写道：Though a great deal remains to be learned about the disease，the store of information is increasing quickly．由于“关于艾滋病的知识增加得很快”，所以“Doctors now think they understand how it infects，can test whether someone has been exposed to the virus，and know how to prevent its spread to others．”可见此处是因果关系。
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