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  3. A number of ethical questions cluster around both ends of the human life span. Whether abortion is morally justifiable has popul

A number of ethical questions cluster around both ends of the human life span. Whether abortion is morally justifiable has popul

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问题     A number of ethical questions cluster around both ends of the human life span. Whether abortion is morally justifiable has popularly been seen as depending on our answer to the question " When does a human life begin?" Many philosophers believe this to be the wrong question to ask because it suggests that there might be a factual answer that we can somehow discover through advances in science.【F1】Instead, these philosophers think we need to ask what it is that makes killing a human being wrong and then consider whether these characteristics, whatever they might be, apply to the fetus in an abortion. There is no generally agreed upon answer, yet some philosophers have presented surprisingly strong arguments to the effect that not only the fetus but even the newborn infant has the right to life.
    Such views have been hotly contested, especially by those who claim that all human life, irrespective of its characteristics, must be regarded as sacrosanct. The task for those who defend the sanctity of human life is to explain why human life, no matter what its characteristics, is specially worthy of protection.【F2】Explanation could no doubt be provided in terms of such traditional Christian doctrines as that all humans are made in the image of God or that all humans have an immortal soul. In the current debate , however, the opponents of abortion have eschewed religious arguments of this kind without finding a convincing secular alternative.
    Somewhat similar issues are raised by euthanasia when it is nonvoluntary, as for example, in the case of severely disabled newborn babies.【F3】Euthanasia, however, can be voluntary, and this has brought it support from some who hold that the state should not interfere with the free, informed choices of its citizens in matters that do not cause others harm.【F4】Opposition to voluntary euthanasia has centered on practical matters such as the difficulty of adequate safeguards and on the argument that it would lead to a "slippery slope" that would take us to nonvoluntary euthanasia and eventually to the compulsory involuntary killing of those the state considers to be socially undesirable.
     【F5】Philosophers have also canvassed the moral significance of the distinction between killing and allowing to die, which is reflected in the fact that many physicians will allow a patient with an incurable condition to die when life could still be prolonged, but they will not take active steps to end the patient’s life.
【F3】
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答案然而，安乐死有可能是出于自愿。一些人因此赞同实行安乐死。他们认为对不会对他人造成伤害的事情，国家不应干涉公民在知情的基础上做出的选择。
解析 并列复合句。该句子由两个句子组成。第一个句子是简单句，第二个句子是复合句。第二个句子中由some做先行词，who引导的定语从句进行修饰，hold后面紧跟了一个宾语从句。后面由matters做先行词，跟了that引导的定语从句。因是两个句子，所以可以进行拆分。先将第一个句子翻译出来，但需注意however的位置。在翻译第二个句子的时候，根据上下文关系，可以看出this指代的仍是euthanasia(安乐死)，而后面的定语从句由于句中内容较多较复杂，可以另起一句。
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