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  3. There is a widespread belief that humanities Ph. D. s have limited job prospects. The story goes that since tenure-track profess

There is a widespread belief that humanities Ph. D. s have limited job prospects. The story goes that since tenure-track profess

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问题    There is a widespread belief that humanities Ph. D. s have limited job prospects. The story goes that since tenure-track professorships are increasingly being replaced by contingent faculty, the vast majority of English and history Ph. D. s now roam the earth as poorly-paid adjuncts or, if they leave academia, as baristas and bookstore cashiers. As English professor William Pannapacker put it in Slate a few years back, "a humanities Ph. D. will place you at a disadvantage competing against 22-year-olds for entry-level jobs that barely require a high-school diploma. " His advice to would-be graduate students was simple: Recognize that a humanities Ph. D. is now a worthless degree and avoid getting one at all cost.
   It is true that the plate tectonics of academia has been shifting since the 1970s, reducing the number of good jobs available in the field. In the wake of these changes, there is no question that humanities doctorates have struggled with their employment prospects, but what is less widely known is between a fifth and a quarter of them go on to work in well-paying jobs in media, corporate America, non-profits, and government. Humanities Ph. D. s are all around us—and they are not serving coffee.
   The American Historical Association (AHA) and the Modern Language Association (MLA) have staked out the position that the lack of reliable data about employment outcomes is hindering any productive discussion about the future of academia. Preliminary reports released in the past few months show that 24. 1 percent of history Ph. D. s and 21 percent of English and foreign language Ph. D. s over the last decade took jobs in business, museums, and publishing houses, among other industries.
   Humanities Ph. D. s typically secure non-academic jobs through their own networks, without the support of their departments. For those Ph. D. s who ultimately find work outside academia, the job-hunting process is often longer and harder than it needs to be. Few universities offer humanities doctoral candidates career counseling for non-academic jobs, which would help them market themselves and leverage alumni networks.
   As a solution to the shrinking academic job market, several top Ph. D. programs have opted to reduce the number of incoming doctoral candidates to limit their oversupply. However, some argue that this approach does not recognize that many humanities Ph. D. s will go on to positively impact other industries, as many already have. "Academic institutions hold a responsibility to advance knowledge," Victoria Blodgett, director of Graduate Career Services at Yale University, argues. "We should be in the business of putting Ph. D. s in government, non-profits, the media and lots of industries where we will be better off if we have people who are trained to think as deeply as they are. "  
How do humanities Ph. D. s usually find jobs?
选项 A、They use connections to land teaching jobs at university.
B、They receive counseling on securing non-academic jobs.
C、They get substantial help when looking for white-collar jobs.
D、They turn to their friends, relatives, and schoolmates for help.
答案D
解析 细节题。答案可定位到第四段第一句Humanities Ph．D．s typically secure non-academic jobs through their own networks。与此句意思最接近的是选项[D]“人文学博士找工作时，往往向自己的朋友、亲戚和校友求助”。选项[A]“人文学博士通过他们的人脉(connections)找到(land)大学里的教职工作”，但文章提及的是“非学术类工作”(non-academic jobs)。选项[B]“人文学博士为了找到非学术类工作，接受就业指导”，与原文相悖。选项[C]“人文学博士在找白领工作的时候得到了实质性的帮助”，而原文第四段倒数第二句Few universities offer humanities doctoral candidates career counseling for non-academic jobs…表明事实上他们中的大多数并没有得到过实质性的帮助。
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