首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
admin
2015-01-09
34
问题
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical hypothesis is that hypnosis may be the product of "vivid imagination", a now discredited charge stemming from the observation that many people who are hypnotizable can be led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visual hallucinations. Nothing that an auditory hallucination and the act of imagining a sound are both self-generated and that,like real hearing,a hallucination is experienced as the product of an external source, Henry Szechtman used PET(positron emission tomography)to image the brain activity of hypnotized subjects invited to imagine a scenario and then experiencing a hallucination. By monitoring regional blood flow in areas activated during both hearing and auditory hallucination but not during simple imagining, the investigators sought to determine where in the brain a hallucinated sound is mistakenly "tagged"as authentic and originating in the outside world.
Szechtman imaged the brain activity of eight very hypnotizable subjects who had been prescreened for their ability to hallucinate under hypnosis. During the session,the subjects were under hypnosis and lay in the PET scanner with their brain activity being monitored under four conditions:at rest;while hearing an audiotape of a voice,while imagining hearing the voice again;and during the auditory hallucination they experienced after being informed that the tape was playing once more,although it was not. The tests suggested that a region of the brain called the right anterior cingulate cortex was just as active while the volunteers were hallucinating as it was while they were actually hearing the stimulus. In contrast, that brain area remained dormant while the subjects were imagining that they heard the stimulus.
The second major objection raised by critics argues that hypnosis’ ability to blunt pain results from either simple relaxation or a placebo response. McGlashan established that while hypnosis was only as effective in reducing pain as a sugar pill for poorly hypnotizable people,highly hypnotizable subjects benefited three times more from hypnosis than from the placebo. In response to these successes,Rainville devised experiments to determine which brain structures are involved in pain relief during hypnosis,attempting to locate the brain structures associated with the suffering component of pain,as distinct from its sensory aspects. Using PET, he and other scientists found that hypnosis reduced the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex—an area known to be involved in pain—but did not affect the activity of the somatosensory cortex, where the sensations of pain are processed.
Despite the value of these findings,the mechanisms underlying hypnotic pain relief are still poorly understood. The model favored by most researchers is that the analgesic effect of hypnosis occurs in higher brain centers than those involved in registering the painful sensation, accounting for the fact that most autonomic responses that routinely accompany pain—such as increased heart rate—are relatively unaffected by hypnotic suggestions of analgesia.
The research described in the passage is primarily concerned with answering which of the following questions?
选项
A、What research guarantees the reality of the effects that hypnosis has on brain activity, and what is their causal mechanism?
B、How are experiments devoted to disproving the "vivid imagination"objection to hypnosis different from those devoted to disproving the"placebo effect"thesis?
C、How can researchers reproduce the useful effects of hypnosis in a medical setting?
D、What technical advances have permitted researchers to reject skeptical explanations of the phenomenon of hypnosis?
答案
C
解析
内容理解题。问的是文章主要回答了那些问题。根据原文,第二段讲了催眠对大脑活动作用;第三段讲了催眠止痛的大脑机制问题。所以正确答案是C选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/MqQO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.Androgyn
Thereareavarietyofwaystothinkabouttheself.Twoofthemostwidelyusedtermsareself-conceptandself-esteem.Self-co
Businessandgovernmentleadersconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincre
Bothversionsofthemyth—theWestasaplaceofescapefromsocietyandtheWestasastageonwhichthemoralconflictsconfro
Theideaofbuilding"NewTowns"toabsorbgrowthisfrequentlyconsideredacure-allforurbanproblems.Itiserroneouslyassu
Toparaphrasethenotedeighteenth-centuryscholar,SamuelJohnson,Adespitealltherefinementsofsubtletyandthedogmatismo
Hephonedhisunclewholivedinthecountry,askinghimto______histwoschoolmatesfortheweekend.
Someofmycolleagueshavebeenextremelyzealousintheirattemptstogetsmokingbannedintheoffice.
Writeapassageabout150wordsonthefollowingtopic.TopicSomepeoplebelievethatsuccessinlifecomesfromtaking
She_______somesaltonherfoodtomakeittastebetter.
随机试题
集体合同草案应当提交职工代表大会或者全体职工讨论通过。集体合同订立后,应当报送劳动行政部门;劳动行政部门自收到集体合同文本之日起________内未提出异议的,集体合同即行生效。
肺泡表面活性物质
A.单纯扩散B.以通道为中介的易化扩散C.以载体为中介的易化扩散D.主动转运E.胞吐钠泵转运Na+、K+的机制是
A.肝肾阴虚B.阳虚内寒C.气滞血瘀D.气血不足E.肝郁痰凝经期或经后小腹冷痛,喜温喜按,经量少,色暗淡。证属()
在招标投标过程中,若招标文件中分部分项工程量清单特征描述与设计图纸不符,投标人确定投标报价综合单价的依据应当是()。
甲公司下列对资产负债表列报项目的处理中,正确的是()。
在我国会计实务中,生产经营期间为购建资产而发生的长期借款利息,可能借记的科目有()。
()是指用人单位与劳动者约定以某项工作的完成为合同期限的劳动合同。
文化发展对学校课程产生的影响主要体现在()。
材料联合国是当今世界各国政府间最大的一个国际性组织,有192个成员国。联合国的宗旨是:“维持国际和平安全”,“制止侵略行为”,“发展国际间的友好关系”,“促成国际合作”等。联合国遵循下列原则:各国主权平等,各国以和平方式解决国际争端,各国不得使用武力或武
最新回复
(
0
)