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  3. Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs. Sucking, which is the infant’s means of gaining both food and emoti

Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs. Sucking, which is the infant’s means of gaining both food and emoti

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问题    Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs. Sucking, which is the infant’s means of gaining both food and emotional security, conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation. If the child is breast-fed and has supportive body contact as well as good milk intake, if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires, and if both the child and mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment, the child is more likely to thrive both physically and emotionally. On the other hand, if the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him/her off from the milk supply before either the child’s hunger or sucking need is satisfied, or handle the child hostilely during the feeding, or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child, the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of e-motional disturbance at an early age. If, in addition, the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance , he or she will carry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life.
   Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments. If an individual’s family eats large quantities of food, then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts. If an individual’s family eats mainly vegetable, then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables. If mealtime is a happy and significant event, then the will tend to think of eating in those terms. And if a family eats quickly, without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table, then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it. This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake. Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs, so that, for example, a Jew, whose religion forbids the eating of pork, might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork. An older Roman Catholic might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Friday, traditionally a fish day.
A Jew or an older Roman Catholic______.
选项 A、takes an eating habit as a religious belief
B、is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her family
C、cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefs
D、observes an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environment
答案D
解析 事实细节题。第二段第一句提到饮食习惯受到家庭和其他社会心理环境的制约，该段第二至六句举例说明了家庭影响，第七、八句以宗教为例说明了社会心理环境的制约。犹太人吃猪肉、天主教徒在斋日吃肉会有罪恶感，是受到宗教习俗等社会心理环境的影响，故答案为[D]项。文中提及宗教信仰是在说明信仰作为一种社会心理因素会强化对人们饮食习惯的调节作用，并不代表一种饮食习惯就是一种宗教信仰，故排除[A]项；天主教并不禁止吃猪肉，故排除[B]项；[C]项属于过度推断。
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