2. 外语
  3. I was slow to understand the deep grievances of women. This was because, as a boy, I had envied them. Before college, the only p

I was slow to understand the deep grievances of women. This was because, as a boy, I had envied them. Before college, the only p

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问题    I was slow to understand the deep grievances of women. This was because, as a boy, I had envied them. Before college, the only people I had ever known who were interested in art or music or literature, the only ones who read books, the only ones who ever seemed to enjoy a sense of ease and grace were the mothers and daughters. Like the menfolk, they fretted about money, they scrimped and made-do. But, when the pay stopped coming in, they were not the omens who had failed. Nor did they have to go to war, and that seemed to me a blessed fact. By comparison with the narrow, ironclad days of fathers, there was an expansiveness, I thought, in the days of mothers. They went to see neighbors, to shop in town, to run errands at school, at the library, at church. No doubt, had I looked harder at their lives, I would have envied them less. It was not my fate to become a woman, so it was easier for me to see the graces. Few of them held jobs outside the home, and those who did filled thankless roles as clerks and waitresses. I didn’t see, then, what a prison a house could be, since houses seemed to me brighter, handsomer places than any factory. I did not realize—because such things were never spoken of—how often women suffered from men’s bullying.  
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答案 像男人一样，女人也为钱发愁，也省吃俭用，凑合度El。但是，如果家里断了收人，问题并非出在她们身上。她们也用不着去外面打拼，这在我看来是一桩幸事。跟做父亲的那种拥挤、刻板的生活相比，我觉得做母亲的日子过得比较宽松自在。她们上邻居家串门，去城里买东西，到学校、图书馆、教堂跑跑腿儿。当然，我若是对她们的生活观察得敏锐一些，就不会那么羡慕她们了。我命中注定不是女人，因而更容易发现女人悠闲的一面。她们很少有人外出做工，即使有去做工的，也是做些诸如文书和女招待之类的吃力不讨好的差事。那时候，我还意识不到家会多像一座监狱，因为在我看来，家比哪座工厂都要亮堂美观。
解析 本文翻译时主要使用了词义引申和指明指代对象的方法j文中多处使用代词，翻译时应将其对应的名词译出，这样才不会造成混淆。此外，翻译时多处进行词义引申，例如第四句中的narrow修饰的是days，不能直接译成“狭窄的”，这不符合中文表达习惯，应引申为“拥挤的”，同理expansiveness，graces等都需要进行词义引申。
   这段材料选自《中国翻译家联盟》中的Men and Women一文，语言运用比较朴素、平实，句子结陶也不是很复杂，但个别单词有一定难度，需要根据上下文语境进行推断和引申。
   1．fret about意为“发愁”。
   2．scrimp有“精打细算，节省”之意。
   3．omen原意为“征兆，预兆”，这里需进行词义引申。根据上下文含义，将they were not the omens who had failed译为“问题并非出在她们身上”。
   4．ironclad意为“刻板的”。
   5．expansiveness原意为“广阔的”，这里与前面的narrow，ironclad对比，引申为“宽松自在”。
   6．第六句使用了虚拟语气，从句中省略了if，翻译时注意语气。
   7．thankless role意为“吃力不讨好的角色”。
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