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  3. Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of scien

Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of scien

admin2010-09-10  46
问题     Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise. The g0al of basic research is understanding, for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell, the explosion of a spiral nebula(旋涡星云) or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earth- quakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two or more human beings come into contact with one another-the scope is staggering, but the commitment to truth is the same. If the commitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness of medicine.
    Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industry which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits quickly. The funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic. Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Development will inevitably be undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasize upon pure science.., tend to degrade the quality of the nations technology in the long run, rather than to improve it."
Basic research is vital because _______.
选项 A、it leads to results that can be appreciated
B、it is driven out by applied research
C、it provides the Basis for scientific progress
D、its results cannot be anticipated
答案C
解析 事实细节题。第一段第二句“Basic research is the very heart of science，．．．a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise．”由此可知，基础研究为科学发展提供了动力，为科学进步提供了基础，就像一家企业如果拥有雄厚的资金，必然会迅速地发展一样。所以C 项正确。
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