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  3. The word "science" is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, it

The word "science" is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, it

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问题     The word "science" is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge.
    Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.
    The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.
    Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.
    Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.
Which of the following sentences about pure science is true?
选项 A、It may lead to antiscientific, "impure" results.
B、It necessarily precedes applied science and the discovery of the cell.
C、It is not always as pure as we suppose.
D、It necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of the cell.
答案B
解析 下列关于纯科学的说法中哪一项正确?[A]纯科学可能会导致反科学、“不纯粹”的结果。[B]纯科学必定早于应用科学和细胞的发现。[C]纯科学并不总是像我们料想的那样纯粹。[D]纯科学必定因应用科学和细胞的发现而产生。最后一段第四句指出，某些发现看似非常简单，人们甚至奇怪为什么早些年没有做出这样的发现。但是，他们应该知道，制造显微镜必须早于细胞的发现。换言之，显微镜的制造是发现细胞的先决条件。此处的逻辑是，发现显微镜的原理属于纯科学领域，应用这一原理来制作显微镜属于应用科学的领域，显微镜的应用又导致了新的发现——细胞的发现。因此，本题的正确答案应是[B]。
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