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  3. We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal communication, we are

We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal communication, we are

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问题      We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal communication, we are probably engaged in intrapersonal communication, i.e. communication within ourselves.
     There are some fairly obvious and visible forms of intrapersonal communication, such as when we check off our purchases on a shopping list, or keep post-it notes to remind ourselves of appointments. We also quite literally talk to ourselves; at my age, "What am I about to do next?" or even "What the hell am I doing here?" are becoming increasingly common questions I ask myself. You’ll hear some people speaking aloud to themselves. I recall an elderly theology professor who never stopped talking to himself about moor philosophical problems which made it particularly interesting watching him trying to eat his soup, though it was advisable not to get too close.
     Actually, communication and medical professionals have researched the psycho physiological components of self-talk to conclude that what people say to themselves does affect their ability to combat and ward off ill- nesses.
     Self-talk, a part of intrapersonal communication, is a health behavior that has potentially far-reaching effects. Although it will most likely be used by those who have a high internal locus of control and place a high value on health, it can also help relatively healthy people in health "maintenance" programs. Self-talk is categorized as being positive or negative. As its label implies, positive self-talk has good implications for people’s mental and physical well-being. However, the negative is not all bad. The key to using self-talk is to strive for an appropriate balance between the two.
     The use of positive self-talk has been linked to the reduction of stress. Less stress, in turn, can effect other positive health changes. Serf-talk, like thoughts, is not neutral because it triggers behavior in either a positive or negative direction. Both thoughts and self-talk are based on beliefs which are formed early in life. Beliefs shape our self-talk, which in turn affects our self-esteem.
     However, negative thinldng as the "thinldng of choice," may not be so bad, because it heightens people’s sensitivity to the situation they are facing. They are likely to think more clearly. Ruth Dailey Gralnger in Thempy Research Institute,in Miami, Florida says, "Negative thinking, then, is the most productive, the most useful, and the healthiest thinking to adopt when risk is high."
     Instead of categorizing negative serf-talk as "negative," it might be better to call it "logical and accurate" serf-talk. Harriet B. Bralker emphasizes in Psychology Today (1989) the "responsible" use Of serf-talk. She warns against confusing positive inner dialogue with positive tingling, happy affirmations, or serf-delusions. Logical, accurate serf-talk recognizes personal short-comings, but also modifies them to help people define a plan of confection.
     Knowing that thought patterns generated by serf-talk affect health states, people can begin to control the power in their minds by taking an active role in deciding what to think, enhancing the positive messages they send themselves.  
"Happy affirmation" in nature is different from______.
选项 A、positive thinking
B、positive serf-talk
C、serf-delusions
D、inaccurate serf-talk
答案B
解析 细节理解题。对应原文第七段:She warns against confusing positive inner dialogue with positive thinking, happy affinities, or serf-delusions,乐观的肯定与积极的内在对话本质上有很大的不同。答案为B。affirmation n. 断言；肯定 delusion n. 迷惑，欺骗
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