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  3. To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

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问题     To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other examples. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do".
    Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
    There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, and that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
    In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other people may most influence his approach to books.
    Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
The last two paragraphs are mainly about________.
选项 A、how children learn by imitation
B、the motive of children’s imitation
C、how children choose models
D、how imitation influence children’s growth
答案C
解析 本题属于段落主题题，根据题干可定位到原文第四、五段。原文第四段提到学习者不会随便选择模仿对象(does not choose models at random)，他会模仿那些看上去值得效仿的人，以及第五段我们把一些人当作各种处境下适宜模仿的对象(We use some people as models over a wide range of situations)和我们知道他们是可靠的、值得信赖的模仿对象 (We learn that the)，are dependable and rewarding models)，因为模仿他们可以带领我们走向成功，由此可见，最后两段都是关于如何选择榜样的(how children choose models)，因此选项C全面概括两段文意，是正确选项；选项A、B、D均属于曲解文意。第五段：我们崇拜、模仿值得效仿的对象是因为这会使我们走向成功。
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