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  3. Stress affects everyone differently. But two types of emotional stress can impact the heart, according to Dr. Alan Yeung, the me

Stress affects everyone differently. But two types of emotional stress can impact the heart, according to Dr. Alan Yeung, the me

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问题    Stress affects everyone differently. But two types of emotional stress can impact the heart, according to Dr. Alan Yeung, the medical director at Stanford Cardiovascular Health. Acute stress usually occurs suddenly after a traumatic event, like a car crash or an earthquake, while chronic stress builds up over time. Unhealthy behaviors, like eating poorly or not exercising, are also linked to chronic stress from working long hours, and these can cause an increase in blood pressure or cholesterol, Yeung said. When a person faces high levels of either kind of stress, their heart rate and blood pressure may increase.
   High levels of both types of stress can raise the risk for heart attacks and heart failure, mostly a-mong people who already have heart problems like heart disease, Yeung said.
   Heart failure occurs when the heart isn’t pumping as well as it should to deliver the proper amount of oxygen-rich blood to the body’s cells, according to the American Heart Association. More than 6 million Americans have heart failure (symptoms of which can include shortness of breath, chronic coughing , fatigue, nausea, confusion or lack of appetite) and more than 900, 000 new cases are diagnosed each year. Anyone can develop heart failure, but it becomes more common with age, and most people who have it tend to have had another heart condition first. It develops over time, and with treatment and drugs, heart failure can often be managed. But without intervention, it can be fatal.
                                             -------Selected from Time magazine, 2017
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答案 压力对人们的影响各不相同。斯坦福心血管健康医疗研究中心的医学总监杨清源称，两种情绪压力会对心脏产生影响。急性压力通常在诸如车祸或地震等创伤事件后突发，而慢性压力则随时间积累而成。他说，不健康的生活习惯，如饮食不善或缺乏运动，和过劳一样也会造成慢性压力，还可能导致血压或胆固醇含量升高。人们面临这两种压力中任何一种的高压状态时，心率和血压都有可能上升。 他还说，两种压力过高都会增加心脏病发作和心力衰竭的风险，尤其是那些已经患有心脏病等疾病的人。 根据美国心脏协会的说法，当心脏泵血功能减弱，无法向体内细胞输送适量的富氧血液时，便会引起心力衰竭。在美国，超过600万人患有心力衰竭(症状包括呼吸短促、慢性咳嗽、疲劳、恶心、意识模糊或食欲不振)，每年新增确诊病例超过90万。任何人都可能发生心力衰竭，但年龄越大发病率越高，且大多数患者往往此前便患有其他心脏疾病。心力衰竭的症状会随时间发展越来越严重。但通过治疗和服用药物，它其实是可控的。若不采取治疗，则可能致命。
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