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  3. Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing

Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing

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问题    Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the science. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare’s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso’s painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, rather than transcend that form.
   This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has no bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart’s "The Marriage of Figaro” is surely among the masterpiece of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing mens. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his composition reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits -- the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach -- in strikingly original ways.
According to the author, distinctions between those engaged in the creative arts and in natural sciences can in part be explained by ______.
选项 A、the different objectives of those involved in these respective pursuits
B、the different methods they employ in the collection of data to support their theories
C、the different ways in which they attempt to extend accepted conventional forms
D、the different principles of organization that they utilize in order to create new works
答案D
解析 该题问：根据作者观点，那些从事创造艺术和自然科学的人之间的区别能部分地以什么来解释? A项意为“他们各自追求的目标不一样”。第一段第三、四句提到“可是，非凡的创造活动超越现存藩篱的观点即使用于科学是正确的，但用于艺术，就会起误导作用。高度创造性艺术和高度创造性科学的区别部分来自于其目标的不同”。B项意为“在收集数据支持他们的理论中，他们所采用的不同方法”；C项意为“他们想扩展公认的常规形式中所采用的不同方式方法”；D项意为“他们为创造新作品而应用的不同组织原则”。
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