2. 考研
  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (青少年犯罪) focus either on the individual or on society as the major co

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (青少年犯罪) focus either on the individual or on society as the major co

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问题      Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (青少年犯罪) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 【C1】______ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 【C2】______ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 【C3】______ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 【C4】______ as a rejection of middle-class values.
     Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C5】______ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 【C6】______ to criticism.
     Changes in the social structure may indirectly 【C7】______ juvenile crime rates. Families have also 【C8】______ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 【C9】______ , children are likely to have less supervision at home, 【C10】______ was common in the traditional family 【C11】______ . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 【C12】______ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 【C13】______ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 【C14】______ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 【C15】______ a direct causal relationship (因果关系) has not yet been established.
【C4】______
选项 A、or
B、but rather
C、but
D、or else
答案A
解析 以社会角色为中心的理论认为，孩子们犯罪是对提高他们的社会经济地位失败的反应，或是对中产阶级价值观的抵触。A选项：或者。B选项：固定句式it’s not...but rather...不是……而是……。C选项：但是。D选项：否则，不然。
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