首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The school year is winding down, but one faction within the world of education is ratcheting up: the anti-testing movement. More
The school year is winding down, but one faction within the world of education is ratcheting up: the anti-testing movement. More
admin
2011-08-28
70
问题
The school year is winding down, but one faction within the world of education is ratcheting up: the anti-testing movement. More parents are pulling their kids out of end-of-year math and literacy assessments. More teachers and administrators are speaking up against testing—like the group of school district superintendents in Georgia who are calling on the state legislature to reconsider its test-based accountability system. And a national resolution condemning testing has now attracted the endorsements of more than 300 organizations and 8,500 individuals. Standardized testing is "an inadequate and often unreliable measure of both student learning and educator effectiveness," the resolution reads in part, and "the over-reliance on high-stakes standardized testing in state and federal accountability programs is undermining educational quality and equity in U.S. public schools."
Many of these complaints have merit: tests can warp the learning process and cause students enormous anxiety. But such concerns are mainly about "high-stakes" testing, in which a student’s achievement is judged, and a school’s status and funding are determined, by just a few big-deal tests. What we need, instead, is a regime of no-stakes testing. Entirely apart from their assessment function, tests are an enormously effective way to improve understanding and recall. By using the test as a learning tool instead of an evaluation instrument, we could help students avoid the perils of testing while garnering all its benefits.
What are those benefits? Decades of research on the "testing effect" have documented that calling up a fact or a concept from memory actually helps us remember it better the next time. Foreign language learners who tested themselves on vocabulary words remembered 80 percent of the words they studied, according to one experiment, while learners who used other study methods remembered only about a third of them. Likewise, students learning from a science textbook who were queried about what they read retained about 50 percent more of the information than students who studied in other ways.
No-stakes testing—in which scores aren’t counted or even calculated—is now being successfully implemented in real-life school settings. Through a collaboration with researcher Henry Roediger and his colleagues at Washington University in St. Louis, teachers at nearby Columbia Middle School have incorporated what psychologists call "retrieval practice" into seventh- and eighth-grade science and social studies courses. At the end of each class, students are given a quiz on what they just learned. The quiz is not graded; it’s intended solely to promote retention. This simple exercise has dramatically improved students’ recall of the material.
Although we often conceive of memory as something like a storage tank, and a test as a kind of dipstick that measures how much information is inside, that’s not actually how the brain works. Every time we pull up a memory, we make it stronger and more lasting—so that testing doesn’t just measure what students know, it changes what they know. Reading over material to be learned, taking notes, even engaging in teacher-favored techniques like concept-mapping: none of these practices are as effective as testing at improving retention.
Opponents of high-stakes testing want to replace the current regime with—in the words of the national resolution—"a system based on multiple forms of assessment which does not require extensive standardized testing, more accurately reflects the broad range of student learning, and is used to support students and improve schools." In this vision, students would be judged, say, on a portfolio of the work they produced over the course of the semester. That seems a little pie-in-the-sky, but more power to them. More importantly, we should also be implementing exams that serve a different purpose: tests that have no stakes at all, other than helping students learn.
From The Times, June 6, 2012
What’s the author’s attitude toward no-stakes testing?
选项
A、positive
B、negative
C、suspicious
D、indifferent
答案
A
解析
本题为细节题。文章第二段第三句What we need,instead,is a regime of no stakes testing.说明作者支持不计分的测验,接着作者写了支持的理由,所以应该选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/NlYO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
IrememberMaxverywell.HehadaPh.D.fromPrinceton.HewasaChaucerian.Hewasbrilliant,eloquent,andprofessorial.He
Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogetherthey
Whichofthefollowingexpressionsmanifestthedirectivefunctionoflanguage?
InthedaysbeforeDianabecameaccustomedtodailyhairdressers,highfashionandexpertlyappliedmakeup,shelookedherbest
Thescienceofwildlifemanagementisactuallyquitenew.Itisthethirdmajorphaseoftheoriginalconservationmovement.The
Sixty-eightpercentofAmerica’swealthisgeneratedbymanufacturing.IftheUnitedStateshopestocontinuetomaintainaposi
A、Morethan8,000,000dollars.B、Morethan15,000,000dollars.C、Morethan50,000,000dollars.D、Morethan25,000,000dollars.
"Heavens!"exclaimedtheauntofClovis,"here’ssomeoneIknowbearingdownonus.Ican’trememberhisname,butbelunchedwi
Cosmologyissometimespooh-poohedasmorephilosophythanscience.Itasksdeepquestionsaboutnaturebutprovidesunsatisfyin
InthedaysbeforeDianabecameaccustomedtodailyhairdressers,highfashionandexpertlyappliedmakeup,shelookedherbest
随机试题
动脉粥样硬化粥样斑块的复合病变有
A.3天B.7天C.10天D.14天E.6个月以上脓性指头炎(蛇头疔)、急性化脓性腱鞘炎(螺疔)的成脓时间约为
下列选项哪一项不属于CIF术语下买方的主要义务?( )
2001年5月李某被某县公安局刑事拘留,后某县检察院以证据不足退回该局补充侦查,2002年11月李某被取保候审。2004年,县公安局撤销案件。次年3月,李某提出国家赔偿申请。县公安局于2005年12月作出给予李某赔偿的决定书。李某以赔偿数额过低为由,于20
李某于2018年底承包甲公司,不改变企业性质,协议约定李某每年向甲公司缴纳400万元承包费后,经营成果归李某所有,甲公司适用企业所得税税率25%。假设2019年该公司有关所得税资料和员工王某的收支情况如下:(1)甲公司会计利润667.5万元,其中包含国
外部薪酬包括直接薪酬和间接薪酬,直接薪酬包括()。
2011年10月12日国务院常务会议,针对当前小微企业(小微企业是小型企业、微型企业的统称)经营困难、融资难和税费负担偏重等问题,研究确定支持小型和微型企业发展的九项金融、财税政策措施。国家之所以要支持小微企业的发展,从联系观来看()。①联系具有
以往,境内企业进出口只能以美元或第三方货币结算,在合同签约至合同执行完毕期间汇率的变化会使企业的实际赢利出现波动。现在银行推出了人民币结算业务。由于人民币是境内企业的本币,合同计价和企业运营的主要货币相一致,境内企业在合同签订前能够切实了解交易的成本和收入
去杠杆
在软件生命周期中,能准确确定软件系统必须做什么和必须具备哪些功能的阶段是
最新回复
(
0
)