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  3. In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aust

In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aust

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问题     In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s. In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.
    President Hoover’s successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation’s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.
The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was
选项 A、to increase farm production
B、to establish agricultural laws
C、to prevent farmers from going bankrupt
D、to promote the mechanization of agriculture
答案C
解析 本题问20世纪20年代美国政府在农业方面主要关心的事情是什么。根据文章第二段的内容，我们可以分析推理出美国政府当时采取一系列措施，目的是为了给农民提供比较稳定的经济形势。因此，本题的正确答案应是C“为了避免农民的破产”。
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