首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Most recent work on the history of leisure in Europe has been based on the central hypothesis of a fundamental discontinuity bet
Most recent work on the history of leisure in Europe has been based on the central hypothesis of a fundamental discontinuity bet
admin
2015-06-25
84
问题
Most recent work on the history of leisure in Europe has been based on the central hypothesis of a fundamental discontinuity between preindustrial and industrial societies. According to this view, the modern idea of leisure did not exist in medieval and early modern Europe: the modern distinction between the categories of work and leisure was a product of industrial capitalism. Preindustrial societies had festivals(together with informal and irregular breaks from work), while industrial societies have leisure in the form of weekends and vacations. The emergence of leisure is therefore part of the process of modernization. If this theory is correct, there is what Michel Foucault called a conceptual rupture between the two periods, and so the very idea of a history of leisure before the Industrial Revolution is an anachronism.
To reject the idea that leisure has had a continuous history from the Middle Ages to the present is not to deny that late medieval and early modern Europeans engaged in many pursuits that are now commonly considered leisure or sporting activities— jousting, hunting, tennis, card playing, travel, and so on—or that Europe in this period was dominated by a privileged class that engaged in these pursuits. What is involved in the discontinuity hypothesis is the recognition that the people of the Middle Ages and early modern Europe did not regard as belonging to a common category activities(hunting and gambling, for example)that are usually classified together today under the heading of leisure. Consider fencing: today it maybe considered a "sport," but for the gentleman of the Renaissance it was an art or science. Conversely, activities that today may be considered serious, notably warfare, were often described as pastimes.
Serious pitfalls therefore confront historians of leisure who assume continuity and who work with the modern concepts of leisure and sport, projecting them back onto the past without asking about the meanings contemporaries gave to their activities. However, the discontinuity hypothesis can pose problems of its own. Historians holding this view attempt to avoid anachronism by means of a simple dichotomy, cutting European history into two eras, preindustrial and industrial, setting up the binary opposition between a "festival culture" and a "leisure culture." The dichotomy remains of use insofar as it reminds us that the rise of industrial capitalism was not purely a phenomenon of economic history, but had social and cultural preconditions and consequences. The dichotomy, however, leads to distortions when it reduces a great variety of medieval and early modern European ideas, assumptions, and practices to the simple formula implied by the phrase "festival culture."
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage as a whole?
选项
A、Two hypotheses are discussed, and evidence in support of one is presented.
B、A hypothesis is presented and discussed, and a limitation to the hypothesis is identified.
C、A hypothesis is proposed, its supposed advantages are shown to be real, and its supposed disadvantages are shown to be illusory.
D、A problem is identified, two hypotheses are advanced to resolve it, and both are rejected.
E、A problem is identified, two resolutions are proposed, and a solution combining elements of both is recommended.
答案
B
解析
The main purpose of the passage is to discuss the idea of "the central hypothesis of a fundamental discontinuity between preindustrial and industrial societies"(lines 1-3)in terms of the development of the concept of leisure. Most of the passage is focused on demonstrating the usefulness of this hypothesis; however, the second part of the third paragraph mentions some "distortions"(line 31)that may result if the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore Choice B is correct. Choices A, D, and E are incorrect, as only one hypothesis/solution is discussed in the passage. Choice C is incorrect, as the passage does not mention that the "distortions"(line 31)caused by accepting the hypothesis are illusory.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/NujO777K
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
The______goalofthebookistohelpbridgethegapbetweenresearchandteaching,particularlythegapbetweenresearchersand
Normallyastudentmustattendanumberofcoursesinordertograduate,andeachcoursewhichheattendsgiveshimagradewhic
You__________paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskill,asitissoimportant.
Becausethecompanywasdoingmorebusiness,itwasnecessaryto___________thefactory.
Thenumberoftheemployeesinourcompanyis________thatintheirs.
Thefollowingdatasufficiencyproblemsconsistofaquestionandtwostatements,labeled(1)and(2),inwhichcertaindataare
Onthebasisoffiguresitcompiles,acitizens’grouparguesthatcongressionalmembersofPartyXauthorizethespendingofmo
ManywritersofmodernEnglishhaveacquiredcarelesshabitsthatdamagetheclarityoftheirprose,butthesehabitscanbebro
Defenseattorneyshaveoccasionallyarguedthattheirclients’misconductstemmedfromareactiontosomethingingested,butin
Pablo,Picasso,thelateSpanishpainter,creditedAfricanartwithhavinghadastronginfluenceonhiswork.
随机试题
对脑水肿,何者疗效为佳
未经批准在电力设施周围进行危及电力设施安全的作业,由()责令停止作业。
通信设备的安装要求主要应考虑的有()。
申请人符合会计从业.资格考试报名基本条件且具备国家教育行政主管部门认可的 ( )以上会计类专业学历(或学位)的,自毕业之日起2年免试会计基础、初级会计电算化(或珠算五级)。
在社会工作研究领域中,起源于第二次世界大工业战时期、目前已成为实务工作研究重要方法的是( )。
根据所给内容,完成填空。一位老师家访,与学生不识字的奶奶聊天,老师用哪种说法更好?请你将选择的序号填写在横线上,并说明原因。“您老人家身体很好哇。什么?我不是来告状的。你孙子在学校没有_____________(A.犯错误B.惹事),就是读书
在不考虑技术进步和人口增长的索洛模型中,假设经济体初始处于稳态且资本量处于黄金律水平以下,如果政府准备一次性提高储蓄率以使经济在长期内达到黄金律资本水平,画图说明政府提高储蓄率对产出、清费和投资影响的动态过程(提示:以时间为横轴刻画产出、消费和投资的变化过
在商品经济发展的过程中,劳动力作为重要的生产要素进行买卖。工人在劳动力市场上出售的是()
中日甲午战争以后,接踵而来的瓜分狂潮,使中华民族的各阶级、各阶层普遍产生了亡国灭种的危机感,促使中国人民民族意识普遍觉醒。甲午战争后的戊戌维新、辛亥革命等都高举爱国主义旗帜,这一时期的时代主旋律是
下列函数中,操作对象可以是元组的函数是()。
最新回复
(
0
)