首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】________them is a
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】________them is a
admin
2010-01-18
92
问题
Dream Functions
Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream,
although whether they can【1】________them is a different matter. 【1】________
An experiment eliciting people’s responses to the question ’What
did you dream about last night? shows the【2】________of the activity. It is 【2】________
found that everyone in normal health spends part of their night
dreaming and there are many different【3】________of dream performing 【3】________
different functions.
The first function of dreams is that of the experience-【4】________, i.e. 【4】________
the mind reviews past experience and learns the lesson of that
experience. Often the dream representsa more, or less,【5】_______course 【5】________
of action or outcome than the real event.
The second function of dreams is the【6】________type. They help to 【6】________
solve problems by suggesting answers, or【7】________difficulties and 【7】________
indicating a way round them.
The third function is that of wish【8】________. In our dreams we 【8】________
satisfy desires whose gratification is denied to us.
Dreams also function to【9】________us to some external reality, 【9】________
usually by some sensory stimulus.
The final, and the most【10】________one, is the predictive function. 【10】________
Throughout the ages men have believed that future events will be predicted in dreams.
We are not clear whether these are all the functions that dreams may have.
【8】
Dream Functions
Do you often dream? What do you usually see in your dreams? Can you always remember your dreams next morning? From the variety of responses which we could hear to the question ’What did you dream about last night?’ we begin to get an idea of the range of the activity. Research has shown that everyone in normal health spends part of the night dreaming. Remembering the dreams is, of course, a different matter. And just as there are many different types of dream, so, we may suppose, do dreams have a variety of functions? Let us examine just five of many here.
The first is that of the experience-monitoring dream. In this, the mind reviews past experience--the previous day’s or some event in the more distant past-as a way of learning the lesson of that experience. Often the dream has a consequence different from what actually happened, representing a more, or less, desirable course of action or outcome than the real event. After an unsuccessful interview for a job, I dreamed that I was in the same room, before the same people, but speaking this time calmly and persuasively. The conclusion to be drawn from the experience was underlined by the dream: that I should not become nervous and flustered in that particular situation.
If that dream had occurred before my interview, it would have been of the creative type. One important function of the dream is to help to solve problems by suggesting answers, or predicting difficulties and indicating a way round them. Another creative type of dream is one in which the imagination operates in an unusually powerful and productive manner. Large parts of ’Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ came to the author Robert Louis Stevenson in dreams.
The dream function to which Freud and his followers attached greatest importance was that of wish fulfillment. According to the great Viennese psychiatrist, in our dreams we satisfy desires which our circumstances, personal inhibitions, or the rules of the society in which we live, deny us the gratification, or even the conscious knowledge. It is my opinion that wish-fulfillment operates at several levels, of which the simplest require neither a complex nor symbolic explanation.
The fourth dream function is that which alerts us to some external reality, usually by some sensory stimulus: the dream of being at or in a fire from which we awake to find a cigarette smoldering in a bedside ashtray. In this way the senses send messages to the ’sleeping’ mind, warning us of the need to awake in order to take some form of action.
Finally, the most controversial, the predictive function. Whether or not we believe inthe possibility of events being predicted in dreams, the fact is that throughout the ages men have done so. Perhaps the most famous example, celebrated in Christianity and Islam alike, not to mention Judaism, is that of Joseph’s interpretation of the dream of the Pharaoh of Egypt. When the ruler dreamed of seven fat cattle being eaten by seven thin, Joseph predicted that there would be seven years of plenty in the land, followed by seven years of famine, and that is what came to pass.
What other dream functions can you think of? Whatever your answer, it is true that dreams are part of our life.
Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes, and then complete the gap-filling task on Answer Sheet One in ten minutes.
(a 12-minute interval)
选项
答案
fulfilment
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/NyvO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Americanshavefourprimaryavenuesformakingfriends:atwork,atschool,throughahobbyora【C1】______suchasvolunteerwork
A、TalkingtoomuchinbusinessnegotiationsleavesabadimpressionoAmericans.B、SilenceoftenmakesAmericansfeeluncomforta
A、Theminutesofthelastmeeting.B、Thetreasurer’sreport.C、TheScottishandIrishFolkDances.D、TheInternationalDisplayW
A、Itassistschildrentodeveloplanguageskillsmorequickly.B、Itearnsmoreadmirationfromotherparents.C、Itmakeschildre
A、Only25to30collegegraduateswillbeshort-listedfortheinterview.B、Theapplicantswillbeaskedtodoaqualificationt
OneofLondonZoo’srecentadvertisementscausedmesomeirritation,sopatentlydiditdistortreality.Headlined"Withoutzoos
Americannolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.
Americannolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.
Thereisnotmuchtochoosebetweenmen.Theyareallahotchpotchofgreatnessandlittleness,ofvirtueandvice,ofnobility
WhenSheltonJohnsonwas5,hisfamilytookhimtoBerchtesgadenNationalParkintheBavarianAlps.Now52,hestillremembers
随机试题
谈判者应该始终将谈判利益与_________、_________分开,将注意力集中于利益上,这将有助于谈判者更好地理解彼此的问题并找出有创意的解决方法。但是,当双方的隐含利益__________时,此时,谈判者将关注点从利益上转移开来,去关注事项或者狭窄意
诊断胆囊结石首选
患者,男,45岁。反复腰痛腰酸2年,近2周腰酸腰痛明显,并觉少气乏力,腿膝无力,手足不温,夜尿长清。中医诊断为肾阳亏虚之肾虚腰痛。处方右归丸加减,炮附片、肉桂、熟地黄,山药,山茱萸,枸杞、盐杜仲,菟丝子,当归,茯苓,牛膝,车前子。方中盐杜仲
某企业由于自然灾害造成的原材料毁损,经批准后,会计人员应编制的会计分录中借方不可能涉及的账户是()。
某上市公司2019年以5000万元购得一处高档会所,然后加以改建。支出500万元在后院新建一露天泳池,支出500万元新增中央空调系统,拆除200万元的照明设施,再支付500万元安装智能照明和楼宇声控系统。会所于2019年年底改建完毕并对外营业。当地规定计算
()作业包含商品的分类、过磅、拆箱重包装、贴标签及商品的组合包装。
运用语言如何做到准确?下列说法正确的是()。
角色压力是指在组织或某一特定的社会环境中,因有不利因素干扰角色任务的动作,致使个人陷入无所适从的困境。根据上述定义,下列属于角色压力的是:
设A~B,其中,则x=__________,y=__________.
搜索引擎在外观、功能等方面都不相同,但其构成一般包括搜索器、索引器、______和用户接口4个部分。
最新回复
(
0
)