首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】________them is a
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】________them is a
admin
2010-01-18
54
问题
Dream Functions
Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream,
although whether they can【1】________them is a different matter. 【1】________
An experiment eliciting people’s responses to the question ’What
did you dream about last night? shows the【2】________of the activity. It is 【2】________
found that everyone in normal health spends part of their night
dreaming and there are many different【3】________of dream performing 【3】________
different functions.
The first function of dreams is that of the experience-【4】________, i.e. 【4】________
the mind reviews past experience and learns the lesson of that
experience. Often the dream representsa more, or less,【5】_______course 【5】________
of action or outcome than the real event.
The second function of dreams is the【6】________type. They help to 【6】________
solve problems by suggesting answers, or【7】________difficulties and 【7】________
indicating a way round them.
The third function is that of wish【8】________. In our dreams we 【8】________
satisfy desires whose gratification is denied to us.
Dreams also function to【9】________us to some external reality, 【9】________
usually by some sensory stimulus.
The final, and the most【10】________one, is the predictive function. 【10】________
Throughout the ages men have believed that future events will be predicted in dreams.
We are not clear whether these are all the functions that dreams may have.
【8】
Dream Functions
Do you often dream? What do you usually see in your dreams? Can you always remember your dreams next morning? From the variety of responses which we could hear to the question ’What did you dream about last night?’ we begin to get an idea of the range of the activity. Research has shown that everyone in normal health spends part of the night dreaming. Remembering the dreams is, of course, a different matter. And just as there are many different types of dream, so, we may suppose, do dreams have a variety of functions? Let us examine just five of many here.
The first is that of the experience-monitoring dream. In this, the mind reviews past experience--the previous day’s or some event in the more distant past-as a way of learning the lesson of that experience. Often the dream has a consequence different from what actually happened, representing a more, or less, desirable course of action or outcome than the real event. After an unsuccessful interview for a job, I dreamed that I was in the same room, before the same people, but speaking this time calmly and persuasively. The conclusion to be drawn from the experience was underlined by the dream: that I should not become nervous and flustered in that particular situation.
If that dream had occurred before my interview, it would have been of the creative type. One important function of the dream is to help to solve problems by suggesting answers, or predicting difficulties and indicating a way round them. Another creative type of dream is one in which the imagination operates in an unusually powerful and productive manner. Large parts of ’Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ came to the author Robert Louis Stevenson in dreams.
The dream function to which Freud and his followers attached greatest importance was that of wish fulfillment. According to the great Viennese psychiatrist, in our dreams we satisfy desires which our circumstances, personal inhibitions, or the rules of the society in which we live, deny us the gratification, or even the conscious knowledge. It is my opinion that wish-fulfillment operates at several levels, of which the simplest require neither a complex nor symbolic explanation.
The fourth dream function is that which alerts us to some external reality, usually by some sensory stimulus: the dream of being at or in a fire from which we awake to find a cigarette smoldering in a bedside ashtray. In this way the senses send messages to the ’sleeping’ mind, warning us of the need to awake in order to take some form of action.
Finally, the most controversial, the predictive function. Whether or not we believe inthe possibility of events being predicted in dreams, the fact is that throughout the ages men have done so. Perhaps the most famous example, celebrated in Christianity and Islam alike, not to mention Judaism, is that of Joseph’s interpretation of the dream of the Pharaoh of Egypt. When the ruler dreamed of seven fat cattle being eaten by seven thin, Joseph predicted that there would be seven years of plenty in the land, followed by seven years of famine, and that is what came to pass.
What other dream functions can you think of? Whatever your answer, it is true that dreams are part of our life.
Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes, and then complete the gap-filling task on Answer Sheet One in ten minutes.
(a 12-minute interval)
选项
答案
fulfilment
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/NyvO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Americanshavefourprimaryavenuesformakingfriends:atwork,atschool,throughahobbyora【C1】______suchasvolunteerwork
Icameacrossanoldcountryguidetheotherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthecountry,andit
A、Manyuniversitystudentsprefersoftdrinkstofreshfruits.B、Mostofthemarefirst-or-secondyearcollegestudents.C、Anum
A、Theincreaseofhumanpopulation.B、Theextinctionofdinosaurs.C、Thecuttingdownofforests.D、Thegreatdemandforanimal
Oneday,droughtmaybeathingofthepast,atleastinanycountrynottoofarfromthesea.Vastareasofdesertthroughoutt
A、Itassistschildrentodeveloplanguageskillsmorequickly.B、Itearnsmoreadmirationfromotherparents.C、Itmakeschildre
Pollutioncontrolismanagementofwastematerialsinordertominimizetheeffectsofpollutantsonpeopleandtheenvironment.
Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry-WilliamShakespeare-buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasin
Researchershaveknownthatsecondhandsmokecanbejustasdangerousfornonsmokersassmokingisforsmokers,butnowthere’s
WhenSheltonJohnsonwas5,hisfamilytookhimtoBerchtesgadenNationalParkintheBavarianAlps.Now52,hestillremembers
随机试题
关于规章,下列哪一说法是正确的?
生长素的主要作刚是
下列方法中不属于肺癌定性诊断方法的是
善饥多食的病机是
社会主义国家法治理念具有哪些基本内容?
甲请乙为其在丙家盗窃时望风,乙同意,某日晚,甲、乙按约定前往丙家,乙在门外望风,甲进入丙家后,见丙一人在家,便对丙实施暴力,抢劫了丙的1万元现金。对本案应如何认定?()
深圳证券交易所对专项资产管理计划收益权份额协议交易实行()回转交易。
下列公文的发文日期正确的写法为()。
就文学创作而言,人工智能未来有可能在编剧或网络文学方面有所__________,毕竟除了一小部分杰出的作品外,无论剧本创作还是网络文学,都比较依赖标准化的情节与词语搭配。而文学作品的__________程度越高,越有可能人工智能化。依次填入画横线
在我国,( )罪犯不适用死刑。
最新回复
(
0
)