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  3. Europeans and Americans alike have certain romantic notions about Sweden. We imagine it as a land of liberal-minded people livin

Europeans and Americans alike have certain romantic notions about Sweden. We imagine it as a land of liberal-minded people livin

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问题     Europeans and Americans alike have certain romantic notions about Sweden. We imagine it as a land of liberal-minded people living in a bastion of equality—which, in many ways, it is. Sweden has the second highest number of female parliamentarians in the world. Half its government ministers are women. Its wage gap is narrow, and females are well represented in the labor force. Both the United Nations and the World Economic Forum have rated it tops in the world for equality.
    But no paradise is without its paradoxes. In Sweden, the biggest one is this: while the government has done much to improve the lives of women, it has also created a glass ceiling for them that is thicker than that in many other European countries, as well as in the United States. While state-funded child care and extremely long and cushy maternity benefits make it easy to be a working mother in Sweden, such benefits also have the effect of dampening female employment in the most lucrative and powerful jobs. In Sweden, more than 50 percent of women who work do so in the public sector—most as teachers , nurses, civil servants, home health aides or child minders, according to the OECD. Compare this to about 30 percent in the U.K. and 19.5 percent in America. "Private-sector employers are less willing to deal with the disruption caused by very long maternity leaves," says Manuela Tomei, a labor sociologist with the International Labor Organization in Geneva. " Gender discrimination in Sweden may be more subtle, but it is very much there. "
    The link between family-friendly policies and female employment are a hot topic all over the developed world, as birthrates fall and a shortage of skilled labor looms. Europeans have looked to the Nordic countries as a model—longer maternity leaves and state-funded child care must make it easier for women to have careers, or so the conventional wisdom goes. And indeed the system does make it easier for women to hold lower-to-mid level jobs and have children. But as London School of Economies fellow Catherine Hakim notes, policies that raise the birthrate "don’t necessarily translate into complete gender equality, particularly in the private sector".
    Swedish women are unlikely to hold important managerial positions. A study by former ILO economist Richard Anker using data from 2000 found that while women in the United States field 45. 3 percent of managerial positions, their Swedish counterparts held only 29.2 percent (Britons held 33 percent, Germans 27 percent and Danes 23 percent). And, while the average wage gap between the genders in Sweden is narrow (about 15 percent) , it can exceed 40 percent in high-end jobs. And while the gap is closing in other countries, it has held steady in Sweden for most of the last decade.  
The state-funded child care and maternity policies in Sweden______.
选项 A、created a glass ceiling for women
B、have both advantages and disadvantages for women
C、helped women to stay in powerful jobs
D、caused great disruption in private company
答案B
解析 细节题。题干中的“state—funded child care”和“maternity benefits”出自文章第二段。第二段提到：虽然国家投资的儿童保育以及众多容易得到的产期福利使得在瑞典当一个工作的母亲很容易，但是，这样的福利也限制了女性获得待遇最好、最有权势工作的机会。这说明：这种政策对女性来说有利也有弊。B符合题意，为正确选项。C与此意不符；A是政府为改善女性生活所做工作所产生的影响，与题目的要求不符；D属于not given类型。
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