2. 外语
  3. A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically (同样地)the same words, but this s

A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically (同样地)the same words, but this s

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问题     A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically (同样地)the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy tales as sacred (神圣的) texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances(情况)of the time and the individual (各自,单独)child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
    A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arou-sing(引起)his sadistic impulse(冲动,反应). To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy tales were more often guilty(内疚)of cruelty(粗鲁)than those who had not. Aggressive(好斗的)，destructive(破坏性的) .sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety value than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy tales. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
    There are also people who object to fairy tales—on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people. I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.
    No fairy tale ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no insane child has ever believed that it was.
Fairy tales are a means by which children’s impulses may be______.
选项 A、beneficially channeled
B、given a destructive tendency
C、held back until maturity
D、effectively suppressed
答案A
解析 文章第二段在说童话会引起儿童施虐冲动，“为了证明后一点，有人在一次控制性实验中证明：看过童话的儿童比起那些没看过童话的儿童更会意识到残酷、侵犯、毁灭和施虐冲动是每个儿童都有的。总的来说，他们那些具有象征意义的言语释放似乎是一种安全阀，而不会引起过激行为。”因而选A。
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