2. 外语
  3. Hardin argued that grazing land held in common(that is, open to any user)would always be used less carefully than private grazin

Hardin argued that grazing land held in common(that is, open to any user)would always be used less carefully than private grazin

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问题 Hardin argued that grazing land held in common(that is, open to any user)would always be used less carefully than private grazing land. Each rancher would be tempted to overuse common land because the benefits would accrue to the individual, while the costs of reduced land quality that results from overuse would be spread among all users. But a study comparing 217 million acres of common grazing land with 433 million acres of private grazing land showed that the common land was in better condition. The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the significance, in relation to Hardin’ s claim, of the study described above?
选项 A、Did any of the ranchers whose land was studied use both common and private land?
B、Did the ranchers whose land was studied tend to prefer using common land over using private land for grazing?
C、Was the private land that was studied of comparable quality to the common land before either was used for grazing?
D、Were the users of the common land that was studied at least as prosperous as the users of the private land?
E、Were there any owners of herds who used only common land, and no private land, for grazing?
答案C
解析 Hardin的宣称是因为过度使用，公用牧地比私人牧地条件恶化得更快。研究表明，公用牧地现在的状况更好，但如果在放牧前，公用牧地的条件远远好于私人牧地，该研究中指出的现象就不会削弱Hardin的宣称。因此，选项(C)是正确答案；选项(A)和(E)不合适，因为不管某些放牧者使用两种土地还是只使用公地，该项研究都可以削弱Hardin的宣称；类似地，不管放牧者是否更喜欢使用公地，如(B)所说，该研究都可以削弱Hardin的宣称；最后，(D)不合适是因为如果公地的使用者更加富有，或更不富有，都不会使该研究的说服力减小。
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