2. 外语
  3. Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET

Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET

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问题 Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET. This part of the test carries 30 points.  You will hear the passage only once. At the end of the recording, you will have 25 minutes to finish this part.
You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary.
选项
答案 It’s a public health nightmare: 27 percent of adults and 12.5 percent of children are obese in this country. Fast food, television, working mothers and computers have all received their share of blame. Even the food industry, which spends almost as much on advertising as do automobile manufacturers, is starting to feel the heat. So what’s the problem with extra pounds7 It’s a question of public health. In the early years of this century, the leading cause of death was infectious diseases, often caused by nutritional deficiencies. Today, however, it is chronic diseases -- heart ailments, cancer, diabetes and stroke -- often worsened by caloric excess, that are the major threat to people’s health. Health authorities, as well as the media, have been warning us of the dangers of obesity and poor nutrition for years. Eric Schlosser’s investigation of the fast-food industry has jumped to the top of the best-seller list. In his words, the fast-food industry "both feeds and feeds off the young." In her widely acclaimed new book Food Politics, Marion Nestle, professor of nutrition and food studies at New York University, explains why the wealthiest nation in the world is. eating itself to death. Based on his research, Nestle’s book exposes how the self-interest of the American corporate food industry compromises nutrition policy, as well as our government’s regulation of food safety. Given the economic and political power of the food industry, as well as our nation’s fast food habits, what can be done? There is no one simple answer. Series of measures are required to take as follows: widespread public health education; persistent exposure of the food industry; thoughtful intervention by teachers, parents and child-care providers; the creation of coalitions of community organizations; instructing physicians in the education of their patients; and new policy initiatives, as well as regulatory and protective legislation. Consider some public behaviors that have been altered by prolonged public health campaigns. In the 1950s, most cars didn’t have seatbelts. When they appeared in the 1960s, hardly anyone used them. At the urging of public health officials, the California Highway Patrol began informing the press whether people injured or killed in car accidents had been strapped in by seatbelts. Today, the law requires the use of seatbelts and, at least in California, it is a deeply ingrained habit. Some will argue that using seatbelts, or choosing a designated driver reduces harm to other people, but that obesity only harms the overweight person. But that’s not true. Look at the mother and father who have to cope with a child’s diabetes. Think about the young person who loses a parent to an early death from chronic disease. Consider the medical costs, borne by us all, that result from pandemic chronic diseases. Change will come slowly. Someday, schools may prohibit the sale of fast food and sodas on their campuses. One day, office managers may replace cookies and soft drinks with healthier offerings for workers. Decades from now, it may be downright unseemly to offer guests certain kinds of snacks. A national campaign to change public eating habits will require bold initiatives and imaginative programs. Let’s start now. The sooner the better, because it really is a matter of life and death. It’s a public health nightmare: 27 percent of adults and 12.5 percent of children are obese in this country. Fast food, television, working mothers and computers have all received their share of blame. Even the food industry, which spends almost as much on advertising as do automobile manufacturers, is starting to feel the heat. So what’s the problem with extra pounds? It’s a question of public health. In the early years of this century, the leading cause of death was infectious diseases, often caused by nutritional deficiencies. Today, however, it is chronic diseases -- heart ailments, cancer, diabetes and stroke -- often worsened by caloric excess, that are the major threat to people’s health. Health authorities, as well as the media, have been warning us of the dangers of obesity and poor nutrition for years. Eric Schlosser’s investigation of the fast-food industry has jumped to the top of the best-seller list. In his words, the fast-food industry "both feeds and feeds off the young." In her widely acclaimed new book Food Politics, Marion Nestle, professor of nutrition and food studies at New York University, explains why the wealthiest nation in the world is eating itself to death. Based on his research, Nestle’s book exposes how the self-interest of the American corporate food industry compromises nutrition policy, as’ well as our government’s regulation of food safety. Given the economic and political power Of the food industry, as well as our nation’s fast food habits, what can be done? There is no one simple answer. Series of measures are required to take as follows: widespread public health education; persistent exposure of the food industry; thoughtful intervention by teachers, parents and child-care providers; the creation of coalitions of community organizations; instructing physicians in the education of their patients; and new policy initiatives, as well as regulatory and protective legislation. Consider some public behaviors that have been altered by prolonged public health campaigns. In the 1950s, most cars didn’t have seatbelts. When they appeared in the 1960s, hardly anyone used them. At the urging of public health officials, the California Highway Patrol began informing the press whether people injured or killed in car accidents had been strapped in by seatbelts. Today, the law requires the use of seatbelts and, at least in California, it is a deeply ingrained habit. Some will argue that using seatbelts, or choosing a designated driver reduces harm to other people, but that obesity only harms the overweight person. But that’s not true. Look at the mother and father who have to cope with a child’s diabetes. Think about the young person who loses a parent to an early death from chronic disease. Consider the medical costs, borne by us all, that result from pandemic chronic diseases. Change will come slowly. Someday, schools may prohibit the sale of fast food and sodas on their campuses. One day, office managers may replace cookies and soft drinks with healthier offerings for workers. Decades from now, it may be downright unseemly to offer guests certain kinds of snacks. A national campaign to change public eating habits will require bold initiatives and imaginative programs. Let’s start now. The sooner the better, because it really is a matter of life and death.
解析     在写综述时，应特别注意文章的开头段落和结尾段落，在每个段落中，要特别注意主题句，即开头句和结尾句。要抓住文章的逻辑发展关系，了解文章的结构，并注意连词的使用。同时在听的过程中，做好笔记。
[分析]
一、主干内容表达部分：这部分内容为文章的主干内容，是综述的主要点信息。
    1．  27 percent of adults and 12.5 percent of children are obese in this country．It’s a question of public health．
    [分析] 本句说明全文讨论的主要问题是肥胖及其相应的公共健康问题，确定了行文的方向，因此是全文框架性内容。
    2．The self-interest of the American corporate food industry compromises nutrition policy，as well as our government’s regulation of food safety．
    [分析] 本句扼要说明了肥胖问题的原因，是全文重要内容，因此为全文框架性内容。
    3．Series of measures are required to take．
    [分析] 本句点明全文另一主要内容，即防止肥胖应采取措施，是文章发展必不可少的要点，因此为全文框架性内容。
    4．A national campaign to change public eating habits will require bold initiatives and imaginative programs．Let’s start now．
    [分析] 本句位于最后一段，呼吁采取行动改变饮食习惯，既是对全文的概括又是文章的落脚点，因此为全文框架性内容。
二、支持性细节表达部分：这部分内容为主要点的重要支持性细节，是综述的次要点信息。
    1．Fast food，television，working mothers and computers have all received their share of blame．
    [分析] 本句是对全文提出的主要问题的具体化，因此是重要的支持性细节。
    2．Today，however，it is chronic diseases often worsened by caloric excess，that are the major threat to people’s health．
    [分析] 本句是对全文提出的主要问题，即肥胖导致健康问题的具体化，因此是重要的支持性细节。
    3．Health authorities，as well as the media，have been warning us of the dangers of obesity and poor nutrition for years.
    [分析] 本句位于段首，是全段中心句，并且具体谈论了肥胖与营养不良的关系，是对全文主要问题的发展，因此是重要的支持性细节。
    4．Widespread public health education；persistent exposure of the food industry；thoughtful intervention by teachers，parents and child-care providers；the creation of coalitions of community organizations；instructing physicians in the education of their patients；and new policy initiatives，as well as regulatory and protective legislation.
    [分析] 本句具体列举了防止肥胖的措施，是对全文核心问题的补充和完善，因此是重要的支持性细节。
    5．Consider some public behaviors that have been altered by prolonged public health campaigns．
    [分析] 本句是段落首句，也是全段中心句，将肥胖的铲除和预防与其它健康行动联系在一起，文章的观点提出作出了铺垫，起到了承上启下的作用，因此是重要的支持性细节。
    6．Obesity only harms the overweight person．But that’s not true．
    [分析] 本句是全段中心句，从另一个角度提醒人们注意肥胖的危害，吸引读者注意主要观点的提出，因此是重要的支持性细节。
    7．Change will come slowly．
    [分析] 本句全段的中心句，进一步阐明了全文主要内容，为文章最后的结论进行铺垫，因此是重要的支持性细节。
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