首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Note-taking in Lecturesb For listeners, note-taking is an essential way to achieve better understanding of a lecture. It inv
Note-taking in Lecturesb For listeners, note-taking is an essential way to achieve better understanding of a lecture. It inv
admin
2013-01-24
52
问题
Note-taking in Lecturesb
For listeners, note-taking is an essential way to achieve better understanding
of a lecture. It involves many separate skills, four of which
will be analyzed here.
Ⅰ. Understand what【1】says. 【1】______.
1. severe strain: 2 reasons
-- word【2】in speech 【2】______.
-- new words
2. solution: concentrate on what are most important
Ⅱ. Sort out the main points.
1. focus on the title: write down the title【3】and completely.【3】______.
2. be aware of signals of what is important or unimportant.
signals indicating importance:
--【4】 【4】______.
-- speak slowly or loudly
-- use a greater range of intonation
-- employ a combination of the devices
signals【5】. 【5】______.
-- deliver sentences quickly, softly
-- use a narrow range of intonation
-- use【6】pa uses 【6】______.
Ⅲ. Write down【7】quickly and clearly. 【7】______.
1. use abbreviation
2. select words that give【8】(nouns, verbs, adjectives)【8】______.
3. write one point on each line
4. find time to write【9】 【9】______.
Ⅳ. Show the connections between the various points the listeners has noted.
1. use spacing, underlining,【10】 【10】______.
2. number points
【9】
Note-taking is a complex activity which requires a high level of ability in many separate skills. Taking your own notes will promote a deeper understanding of the content of the lecture. How to take notes? The general principle in note-taking is to reduce the language by shortening words and sentences. Today I’m going to analyze the four most important of these skills.
Firstly, the student has to understand what the lecturer says as he says it. The student cannot stop the lecture in order to look up a new word or check an unfamiliar sentence pattern. This puts the non native speaker of English under a particularly severe strain. Often -- as we’ve already seen in a previous lecture he may not be able to recognize words in speech which he understands straight away in print. He’ll also meet words in a lecture which are completely new to him. While he should, of course, try t9 develop the ability to infer their meaning from the context, he won’t always be able to do this successfully. He must not allow failure of this kind to dis courage him however. It’s often possible to understand much of a lecture by concentrating solely on those points which are most important. But how does the student decide what’s important? This is in itself another skill he must try to develop. It is, in fact, the second of the four skills I want to talk about today.
Probably the most important piece of information in a lecture is the title itself. If this is printed (or referred to) beforehand the student should study it carefully and make sure he’s in no doubt about its meaning. Whatever happens he should make sure that he writes it down accurately and completely. A title often implies many of the major points that will later be covered in the lecture itself. It should help the student therefore to decide what the main point of the lecture will be.
A good lecturer, of course, often signals what’s important or unimportant. He may give direct signals or indirect signals. Many lecturers, for example, explicitly tell their audience that a point is important and that the student should write it down. Unfortunately, the lecturer who’s trying to establish a friendly relationship with his audience is likely on these occasions to employ a colloquial style. He might say such things as "This is, of course, the crunch" or "Perhaps you’d like to get it down". Although this will help the student who’s a native Englishspeaker, it may very well cause difficulty for the non-native English speaker. He’ll therefore have to make a big effort to get used to the various styles of his lecturers.
It’s worth remembering that most lecturers also give indirect signals to indicate what’s important. They either pause or speak slowly or speak loudly or use a greater range of intonation, or they employ a combination of these devices, when they say something important. Conversely, their sentences are delivered quickly, softly, within a narrow range of intonation and with short or infrequent pauses when they are saying something which is incidental. It is, of course, helpful for the student to be aware of this and for him to focus his attention accordingly.
Having sorted out the main points, however, the student still has to write them down. And he has to do this quickly and clearly. This is, in fact, the third basic skill he must learn to develop. In order to write at speed most students find it helps to abbreviate. They also try to select only those words which give maximum information. These are usually nouns, but .sometimes verbs or adjectives. Writing only one point on each line also helps the student to understand his notes when he comes to read them later. An important difficulty is, of course, finding time to write the notes. If the student chooses the wrong moment to write he may miss a point of greater importance. Connecting words or connectives may guide him to a correct choice here. Those connectives which indicate that the argument is proceeding in the same direction also tell the listener that it’s safe time to write "moreover", "furthermore", "also", etc. , are examples of this. Connectives such as "however", "oil the other hand" or "nevertheless" usually mean that new and perhaps unexpected information is going to follow. Therefore, it may, on these occasions, be more appropriate to listen.
The fourth skill that the student must develop is one that is frequently neglected. He must learn to show the connections between the various points he’s noted. This can often be done more effectively by a visual presentation than by a lengthy statement in words. Thus the use of spacing, underlining, and of conventional symbols plays an important part in efficient note-taking. Points should he numbered, too, wherever possible. In this way the student can see at a glance the framework of the lecture.
选项
答案
the notes
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/OgaO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Theallusion"APoundofFlesh"comesfromShakespeare’s______.
TheUnitedNationswasfoundedtopromotepeace,prosperityandhumanrights.Itisdoingsomewhatbetteronthefirsttwocount
Note-takinginLecturesForlisteners,note-rakingisanessentialwaytoachievebetterunderstandingofalecture.Itinvolv
Note-takinginLecturesForlisteners,note-rakingisanessentialwaytoachievebetterunderstandingofalecture.Itinvolv
Ifyoutraveledononeofthenation’sInterstatesintheselastfewdaysbeforeMemorialDay,youmighthaveencounteredanunu
BorninthetroughoftheGreatDepression,EdmundPhelps,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversitywhowontheNobelPrizeforeconom
Theseriesof"poemsofromanticfancy"arepoemswrittenby______.
Thatmarriageover,GodwinturnstoAmericaandenrollsinthewritingprogramattheUniversityofIowa.
______isconsideredtobetheverybeginningoftheAmericanWarofIndependence.
Thenickname(s)oftheU.S.A.is______.
随机试题
男性,60岁。3个月来自觉乏力,1个月来出现渐进性呼吸困难、气短、腹胀、尿少、下肢水肿,体重无明显变化,无胸痛、发热等。既往有慢性支气管炎病史30年,饮酒史20年。查体:T36.5℃,P102次/分,BP90/80mmHg,轻度贫血貌,颈静脉怒张,双肺(一
A、枕骨B、颊骨C、骶骨D、臀部E、肩胛骨面先露的指示点是()。
休克患者的一般紧急治疗措施中,错误的是
商业汇票是指汇票的()为商业企业的汇票。
基金管理公司应制定估值及份额净值计价错误的识别及应急方案,当计价错误率达到()%时,基金管理公司应当公告并报监管机构备案。
青年们的一封信巴甫洛夫什么是我对于我们祖国献身科学的青年们的希望呢?首先是循序渐进。我无论在任何时候都不能不心情激动地谈到这种成效卓著的科学工作所应具备的最
经营者的不正当竞争行为给被侵害的经营者造成的损失难以计算,赔偿额为()。
产业发展中的财政补贴在短期内可能_______了企业,_______了消费,但如果长期使用,可能反而_______产业结构,导致腐败、低效率和不公平的市场竞争。填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是:
A、 B、 C、 D、 C考查图形对称。给出的图形中有对称轴可使阴影部分相互对称,故只有C项符合规律。
PsychologistAlfredAdlersuggestedthattheprimarygoalofthepsyche(精神)wassuperiority.Although【C1】______hebelievedthati
最新回复
(
0
)