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  3. Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

admin2012-05-04  54
问题     Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers, researchers say.
    Some of the most【C1】______sights in nature happen when animals form【C2】______ groups and move together as if【C3】______. Earlier work has shown that fish in large groups make better decisions than【C4】______or small groups.
    Many theories have been【C5】______ about how animals might communicate in order to【C6】______this. But now it appears really simple. The researchers【C7】______groups of two, four or eight mosquito fish in a square arena for five minutes【C8】______studied the movements of individuals in each group. The【C9】______of the swimming fish were fed into software which acts like many pairs of eyes to keep【C10】______ on the direction and speed of each fish in the school and【C11】______it responds to other fish around it.
    As schools of fish rarely suffer from crashes or【C12】______, the rules they use could also【C13】______be applied to robotic systems to solve traffic problems. If a system could be【C14】______ where each car knew where each car was and they could respond to each other and communicate with each other, traffic problems【C15】______ be avoid.
    The researchers used a technique called artificial neural networks to look for【C16】______ in the data. And it turns out the【C17】______ well-organized swimming that fish in shoals【C18】______is actually caused by each fish using very simple rules to respond to its neighbors. These rules include " accelerate towards a neighbor that is far away from you" and " decelerate when a neighbor is【C19】______ in front of you". It is also found that a fish only responds to a single nearest neighbor at any one time. Those【C20】______ to be the rules people use when they are driving.
【C16】
选项 A、faults
B、frames
C、patterns
D、clues
答案C
解析 名词辨析题。句意为：研究人员使用一种名叫人工神经网络的技术，在数据中寻找一种模式。由上下文可知，人们对于动物会自发形成队伍有序行进的现象很感兴趣。而研究人员则希望从中发现规律(rules)，以便应用于交通秩序维护和改善之中。patterns“模式”之中包含有规律、有秩序之意，因此为答案。根据上述分析，易先排除faults“差错”和clues“线索”；frames“构架，骨架”则主要强调相对稳定且直观的结构方式，而不是潜在的规律等，因此也应排除。
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