2. 外语
  3. There are many ways of dealing with offenders that do not involve the payment of money. One is probation, a system that takes ma

There are many ways of dealing with offenders that do not involve the payment of money. One is probation, a system that takes ma

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问题    There are many ways of dealing with offenders that do not involve the payment of money. One is probation, a system that takes many different forms in different jurisdictions but that essentially involves the suspension of sentence on the offender subject to the condition that he is supervised while living in the community by a probation officer and possibly agrees to comply with such other requirements as the court many think appropriate. Usually, if the offender complies with the probation order and commits no further offense while it is in force, no other penalty is imposed, but if he breaks the requirement of the order or commits another offense, he can be brought back before the court and punished for the original offense as well as the later one. In many U.S. states probation is combined with a suspended sentence, so that the sentence the offender  will have to serve if he breaks the order is fixed in advance; in England the sentence is not fixed in advance, and the court has complete discretion if there is a breach to sentence the offender for the original crime in light of his later behaviour  English law allows suspended sentence of of imprisonment for a specified period (not more than two years), on condition  that the offender commit no further offense during the period of suspension. This is different from a probation order, as no supervision is required and no other conditions may be included in the order.
   Other alternatives to prison are based on the idea of preventing an offender from committing further offenses, without necessarily confining him in a prison. The most familiar power of this kind is that of disqualifying an offender from driving a motor vehicle or from holding a driver’s license. This power is available under the laws of most countries to deal with those offenders who either commit serious driving offenses, such as driving while intoxicated, or who commit repeated but less serious offenses, such as speeding. In many countries there exists a system in which the offender is awarded a number of poims each time he commits a motoring offense; when the number of points accumulated reaches a certain figure, he is automatically disqualified for a specified period. Some countries allow courts to disqualify from driving those offenders who have used motor vehicles in commission of the crime for which they are being sentenced, with the aim of hindering the offender from committing further such offenses. Although attractive in the abstract, this seldom works well in practice, as the absence of a driver’s license may well prevent an offender from finding work after release from prison; as a result he may be likely to commit further crimes. Other forms of disqualification may be imposed on offenders convicted of particular types of crimes: a fraudulent company director may be disqualified from being involved in the direction of a company, a corrupt politician may be disqualified from holding public office, or a parent who sexually abuses his children may be deprived of parental authority over them.
According to this passage, disqualification ______.
选项 A、seldom works well in practice
B、usually fails to prevent an offender from committing further offenses
C、is only applicable to those offenders who commit serious driving offenses
D、may be applied to offenders who have been convicted of various types of offenses
答案D
解析 该题问：根据文章所讲，不合格枕会怎样?由第二段倒数第四行Other forms of disqualification may be  imposed on offenders convicted of particular types of crimes(对于其他类别的违法犯罪分子也可采用其他相应形式的取消资格的处罚办法)可知，选项D的may be applied to offenders who have been convicted of various types of oftenses正确，应为答案。同时可知，选项C的is only applicable to those of offenders who commit serious driving offenses (只适用严重的交通肇事犯罪分子)不正确；第二段第十一行提到...this seldom works well in practice...特指该段第八行Some countries...such offenses这句话所说的情况，并不是泛指disqualification，所以，选项A不是答案；由第二段第二行The most familiar power of this is that of disqualifying an offender from...可知，选项B的 usually fails to prevent an offender from committing further offenses(通常不能防止犯罪分子再次违法犯罪)不正确。
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