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  3. Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent ye

Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent ye

admin2019-11-20  91
问题    Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingual-ism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.
   This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.
   They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’ s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.
   A collective evidence from a number of studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’ s so-called executive function—a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one tiling to another and holding information in mind, like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.
   And the key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. "Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often, you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language," says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. "It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving." In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it.
We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the interference______.
选项 A、compels the brain to settle dispute
B、forces the brain to develop conflict
C、helps weaken the mind’s cognitive muscles
D、makes one language system obstruct the other
答案A
解析 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段。B项意为“促使大脑形成冲突”，其与文章第三段最后一句It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict意思相悖．此处关键词resolve意为“解决”，整句话可理解为“促使大脑解决内部冲突”，故B项错误。C项中的关键词weaken与文章第三段最后一句关键词strengthen相悖，故C项错误。D项意为“使一种语言系统阻塞另一种语言系统”，但其并非是interference一词的含义，而是第三段前半部分人们研究发现的结果，且interference具有解决大脑内部冲突的能力，故D项错误。A项中的关键词compel，settle分别是对题干关键词force，resolve的同义替换，故本题选A。
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