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  3. Our bodies depend on sleep to keep a number of delicately balanced systems running smoothly. Without it these systems become sub

Our bodies depend on sleep to keep a number of delicately balanced systems running smoothly. Without it these systems become sub

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问题     Our bodies depend on sleep to keep a number of delicately balanced systems running smoothly. Without it these systems become subtly off-key, which can eventually lead to more serious consequences. Although the odd broken night never hurt anyone, some sleep experts are now saying that even just an hour of missed sleep, night after night, can cause ill health.
    Persistent low-level fatigue is extremely common since insomnia may happen to one in three of us. The cause can lie in surrounding factors, such as an uncomfortable mattress or noisy neighbors. Some insomnia is temporarily caused by stress brought on by a forthcoming special event, such as an exam or pressure at work. How you feel can notoriously affect sleep, too. Anxiety, anger or resentment can all stop us from dropping off and one of the prime symptoms of depression is early morning waking.
    Sleep apnoea, a common disorder in which lapses in breathing cause a shortage of oxygen which in turn disrupts sleep, may need treating. Shift work, partying until the small hours and jet lag can also disrupt the body’s internal clock that tells us when to stay awake and when to sleep.
    Too much food, tea, coffee, cola or other stimulants can also be culprits. Physical illness such as pain from arthritis can be a factor, too, as can drugs such as those used to treat chronic illnesses like high blood pressure and asthma.
    Some of us simply need to make sure that the bedroom is a calm, pleasant place conducive to sleep and avoid daytime naps. And last but not least, anxiously lying awake worrying about not sleeping can cause what the doctors call psycho-physiological insomnia.
    Whatever the cause, fatigue can have devastating effects on all aspects of our lives. And new US research offers some clues as to further effects of this disturbance to the body’s natural rhythms. Perhaps the greatest risk could be the effect on the immune system. The research shows that loss of sleep can slow down the action of cells which are involved in fighting off infection and even protecting us against more serious diseases such as cancer.
    What isn’t known, however, is whether one or two broken nights can have a long-term effect.
    People who suffer from long periods of stress, for example after a bereavement, seem to be more vulnerable to illness, which suggests that lack of sleep may be a factor.
    American research also suggests that lack of sleep can make you want to eat too much! Nurses on the overnight shift gained more than those on the evening shift, suggesting that the greater the disruption in sleep patterns, the greater the tendency to overeat and thus gain weight.
    Lack of sleep may even contribute to or speed up the ageing process. During sleep the body produces a hormone which is vital for growth and cell renewal. Without enough sleep this rejuvenation time is lost. It comes as no surprise that the period in life when we sleep most—as babies and toddlers—is the period of greatest growth.
Complete the summary below with information from the passage, using no more than five words for each blank.
    Enough sleep is crucial for people to keep healthy. Insomnia is caused by many factors, such as【R1】______, stress and people’s special feelings. People may need to see a doctor when sleep apnoea takes place. Sleep apnoea disrupts sleep because of lapses in breathing resulting from【R2】______. Fatigue also can have devastating effects on all aspects of our lives, especially on【R3】______. Although staying up late from time to time is not yet proved to be harmful in the long run, lack of sleep may stimulate people to【R4】______, put on more weight and accelerate 【R5】______.
【R3】
选项
答案the immune system
解析 (第六段中，作者在分析疲劳给人体带来的恶劣影响时提到Perhaps the greatest risk couldbe the effect on the immune system，即受到最大伤害的是免疫系统。)
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本试题收录于： A类竞赛（研究生）题库大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）分类
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A类竞赛（研究生）

大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）

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