2. 外语
  3. Honesty is a virtue, and telling a lie is morally wrong. But how can you【C1】______ if someone’s lying? The answer is, they’re pr

Honesty is a virtue, and telling a lie is morally wrong. But how can you【C1】______ if someone’s lying? The answer is, they’re pr

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问题     Honesty is a virtue, and telling a lie is morally wrong. But how can you【C1】______ if someone’s lying? The answer is, they’re probably not. Traditional economics says that people are【C2】______ beings who will lie if it’s【C3】______their advantage. A recent university study has shown that, actually, we’re pretty honest— especially when we’re at home.
    Researchers in Germany phoned people at home and asked them to【C4】______a coin. There was a strong financial【C5】______to fake the result: if the coin landed tails-up, the participant would receive money or a gift【C6】______, while if the coin landed heads-up, they would get nothing. Because they were on the phone, they knew there was no【C7】______of getting caught if they lied. And yet people revealed the truth【C8】______they would receive nothing. Over hundreds of tosses a coin will land tails-up【C9】______50% of the time. In this study over half the people(55. 6%)asked said that the coin landed heads-up. Most of diem didn’t pursue the reward at the【C10】______of honesty.
    Previous studies had found mat people were more【C11】______. In those laboratory studies 75% of people,【C12】______some who faked the results, reported a winning coin and claimed a reward. So me research team【C13】______ it’s being in our own home which makes us play fair.【C14】______, what motivates people to do so remains【C15】______.
    In fact, both types of study show people are surprisingly【C16】______. Even in me laboratory, 25% of people【C17】______a reward by telling the truth. The researchers say this is because honesty is highly valued and people deem honesty is me【C18】______for doing everything well. We care about our reputation and our sense of ourselves as【C19】______people. So lying has a psychological cost and it seems mis cost【C20】______ the financial benefits of lying.
【C12】
选项 A、included
B、having included
C、include
D、including
答案D
解析 非谓语动词题。句意为：在实验室进行的研究当中有75％的人会报告他们投掷的硬币是反面朝上，并要求获得奖励，其中就包括那些伪造结果的人。原句中已经出现了谓语动词reported，所以空格处不应再填入动词作谓语，所以首先排除having included和include。including一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词或代词构成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在内”。例如：Some industries，including airlines andtrucking，have already started to deregulate．(包括航空业和货车运输业在内的若干行业已开始解除管制。)该选项符合语法规则和语义，故为答案。included可作为形容词，表示“包括在内的”，用在名词或代词后，例如：There are 40 students in the classroom，me included．故排除[A]。
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