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  3. In 18th-century colonial (殖民地的) America, those who wanted to become doctors either learned as personal students from established

In 18th-century colonial (殖民地的) America, those who wanted to become doctors either learned as personal students from established

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问题     In 18th-century colonial (殖民地的) America, those who wanted to become doctors either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris, and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and 1767 at King’s College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine. Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King’s College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, which survives as a division of Columbia University. In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of private schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had low standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most private schools. Later on, the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connections with teaching hospitals, and licensing (发放执照) of medical professionals that survive to this day. By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 142 four-year medical colleges recognized by Liaison Committee on Medical Education to offer the M.D.  degree; during the 1987-88 academic year, 47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (实习), received licenses of practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners. (308W).  
What does the passage say about the private schools of medicine?
选项 A、They developed later than those established medical schools.
B、They were promoted by Abraham Flexner.
C、They were controlled by the state government.
D、Most of then had poor conditions.
答案D
解析
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