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  3. Low wages, chronic unemployment and underemployment lead to low income, lack of property ownership, absence of savings, absence

Low wages, chronic unemployment and underemployment lead to low income, lack of property ownership, absence of savings, absence

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问题    Low wages, chronic unemployment and underemployment lead to low income, lack of property ownership, absence of savings, absence of food reserves in the home, and a chronic shortage of cash. These conditions reduce the possibility of effective participation in the larger economic system. As a response to these conditions, we find in the culture of poverty a high incidence of pawning personal goods, borrowing from local money-lenders at higher rates of interest, spontaneous informal credit devices organized by neighbors, the use of second-hand clothing and furniture, and the pattern of frequent buying of small quantities of food many times a day as the need arises.
   People with a culture of poverty produce very little wealth and receive very little in return. They have a low level of literacy and education, usually do not belong to labor unions, are not members of political parties, generally do not participate in the national welfare agencies, and make very little use of banks, hospitals, department stores, museums or art galleries. They have a critical attitude toward some of the basic institutions of the dominant classes, hatred of the police, mistrust of government and those in high position, and a cynicism which extends even to the church. This gives the culture of poverty a high potential for protest and for being used in political movements aimed against the existing social order.
   People with a culture of poverty are aware of middle-class values, talk about them and even claim some of them as their own, but on the whole, they do not live by them. Thus, it is important to distinguish between what they say and what they do. For example, many will tell you that marriage by law, by the church, or by both is the ideal form of marriage, but few will marry. To men who have no steady jobs or other sources of income, who do not own property and have no wealth to pass on to their children, who are present-time-oriented and who want to avoid the expense and legal difficulties involved in formal marriage and divorce, free unions or consensual marriages make a lot of sense. Women will often turn down offers of marriage because they feel it ties them down to men who are immature, punishing and generally unreliable. Women feel that consensual union gives them a better break; it gives them some of the freedom and flexibility that men have. By not giving the fathers of their children legal status as husbands, the women have a stronger claim on their children if they decide to leave their men. It also gives women exclusive rights to a house or any other property they may own.
In discussing poverty, the author is most likely to agree that poverty______.
选项 A、is more widespread than most people think
B、cannot be eliminated from society
C、means more than a lack of money
D、weakens the fabric of society
答案C
解析    论点概括。第一段陈述了贫困人群面临的困境及日常拮据的生活，第二段进一步讨论了他们的恶劣处境：一方面孤立于主流社会，另一方面在世界观和心理方面存在问题。所以贫穷不仅仅意味着缺钱，还有婚姻观等各方面的问题。符合这个隐含论点的选项为C。【知识拓展】跨段落的论点概括虽然命题频度不是非常高，但却是阅读技能的一个重要方面。作者提出论点，然后加以佐证。有时候该论点不会非常直白，以免触及当事方的敏感神经，其真正意图需要读者仔细体会。而读者在解读这样的文章时，需要从所列事实中予以抽象概括。本题就是这样的命题思路。
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