2. 外语
  3. The average life expectancy for the United States population as a whole is 9 years, but children born in Hawaii will live an ave

The average life expectancy for the United States population as a whole is 9 years, but children born in Hawaii will live an ave

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问题 The average life expectancy for the United States population as a whole is 9 years, but children born in Hawaii will live an average of 77 years, and those born in Louisiana, 71.7 years. If a newlywed couple from Louisiana were to begin their family in Hawaii, therefore, their children would be expected to live longer than would be the case if the family remained in Louisiana. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn in the passage?
选项 A、Insurance company statisticians do not believe that moving to Hawaii will significantly lengthen the average Louisianan’s life.
B、The governor of Louisiana has falsely alleged that statistics for his state are inaccurate.
C、The longevity ascribed to Hawaii’ s current population is attributable mostly to genetically determined factors.
D、Thirty percent of all Louisianans can expect to live longer than 77 years.
E、Most of the Hawaiian Islands have levels of air pollution well below the national average for the United States.
答案C
解析 本题为“B，A”类型，即由一个事实得出一种结论，削弱结论多为“除了A之外还有别的因素影响B”。并且此题在很多情况下也可以用“要么环境，要么遗传”来思维。选项(C)指出夏威夷人口中相当一部分是因遗传因素先天决定的长寿。由于路易斯安那人不一定有这种先天的因素，并且由于路易斯安那人的孩子将从他们的父母那里获得他们的遗传特征，而不是从他们的出生地。选项(C)提出了一个理由来怀疑原路易斯安那人的在夏威夷出生的孩子将有更长的预期寿命，因此，(C)是正确答案。因为该结论关注那些在夏威夷出生的人，而不是一般的路易斯安那人，(A)没有削弱该结论。因为州长的宣称是错误的[选项(B)]，它不能影响该结论。选项(D)不能削弱该结论，因为它同给出的信息和关于寿命的结论并不矛盾。通过指出夏威夷的环境是一个非常健康的环境，选项(E)支持该结论。
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